Agile Web Development with Rails, Edition 4

Table of Contents

• 4 Instant Gratification
• 6.1 Iteration A1: Configuring a Rails Application
• 6.2 Iteration A2: Creating the Products Maintenance Application
• 6.3 Rails on the Inside
• 6.4 Playtime
• 7.1 Iteration B1: Validate!
• 7.2 Iteration B2: Unit Testing
• 7.3 Playtime
• 8.1 Iteration C1: Making Prettier Listings
• 8.2 Iteration C2: Create the Catalog Listing
• 8.3 Iteration C3: Add a Page Layout
• 8.4 Iteration C4: Use a Helper to Format the Price
• 8.5 Iteration C5: Functional Testing
• 9.1 Iteration D1: Finding a Cart
• 9.2 Iteration D2: Connecting Products to Carts
• 9.3 Iteration D3: Adding a button
• 9.4 Iteration D4: Creating a Smarter Cart
• 9.5 Iteration D5: Handling Errors
• 9.6 Iteration D6: Finishing the Cart
• 9.7 Playtime
• 10.1 Iteration E1: Moving the Cart
• 10.2 Iteration E2: Creating an AJAX-Based Cart
• 10.3 Iteration E3: Highlighting Changes
• 10.4 Iteration E4: Hide an Empty Cart
• 10.5 Iteration E5: Degrading If Javascript Is Disabled

We start with a simple "hello world!" demo application and in the process verify that everything is installed correctly.

Create the application

ruby /home/rubys/git/rails/railties/bin/rails demo1

      create  

      create  README

      create  Rakefile

      create  config.ru

      create  Gemfile

      create  app

      create  app/helpers/application_helper.rb

      create  app/controllers/application_controller.rb

      create  app/views/layouts

      create  app/models

      create  config

      create  config/routes.rb

      create  config/application.rb

      create  config/environment.rb

      create  config/environments

      create  config/environments/development.rb

      create  config/environments/test.rb

      create  config/environments/production.rb

      create  config/initializers

      create  config/initializers/mime_types.rb

      create  config/initializers/new_rails_defaults.rb

      create  config/initializers/inflections.rb

      create  config/initializers/session_store.rb

      create  config/initializers/backtrace_silencers.rb

      create  config/locales

      create  config/locales/en.yml

      create  config/boot.rb

      create  config/database.yml

      create  db

      create  db/seeds.rb

      create  doc

      create  doc/README_FOR_APP

      create  lib

      create  lib/tasks

      create  log

      create  log/server.log

      create  log/production.log

      create  log/development.log

      create  log/test.log

      create  public

      create  public/500.html

      create  public/robots.txt

      create  public/favicon.ico

      create  public/422.html

      create  public/404.html

      create  public/index.html

      create  public/images

      create  public/images/rails.png

      create  public/stylesheets

      create  public/javascripts

      create  public/javascripts/prototype.js

      create  public/javascripts/dragdrop.js

      create  public/javascripts/effects.js

      create  public/javascripts/controls.js

      create  public/javascripts/application.js

      create  script

      create  script/server

      create  script/console

      create  script/generate

      create  script/destroy

      create  script/runner

      create  script/plugin

      create  script/performance/benchmarker

      create  script/performance/profiler

      create  script/dbconsole

      create  script/about

      create  test

      create  test/test_helper.rb

      create  test/performance/browsing_test.rb

      create  test/fixtures

      create  test/unit

      create  test/functional

      create  test/integration

      create  tmp

      create  tmp/sessions

      create  tmp/sockets

      create  tmp/cache

      create  tmp/pids

      create  vendor/plugins

ln -s /home/rubys/git/rails vendor/rails

See what files were created

ls -p

app/	 config.ru  doc/     lib/  public/   README   test/  vendor/

config/  db/	    Gemfile  log/  Rakefile  script/  tmp/

Create a simple controller

ruby script/generate controller say hello

      create  app/controllers/say_controller.rb

      invoke  erb

      create    app/views/say

      create    app/views/say/hello.html.erb

      invoke  test_unit

      create    test/functional/say_controller_test.rb

      invoke  helper

      create    app/helpers/say_helper.rb

      invoke    test_unit

      create      test/unit/helpers/say_helper_test.rb

Start the server.

Attempt to fetch the file - note that it is missing

get /say/hello

Replace file with a simple hello world

edit app/views/say/hello.html.erb

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

  <head>

    <title>Hello Rails</title>

  </head>

  <body>

    <h1>Hello from Rails!</h1>

  </body>

</html>

get /say/hello

pub work/demo1

Add a simple expression

edit app/views/say/hello.html.erb

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

  <head>

    <title>Hello Rails</title>

  </head>

  <body>

    <h1>Hello from Rails!</h1>

    <p>

      It is now <%= Time.now %>

    </p>

  </body>

</html>

get /say/hello

pub work/demo2

Evaluate the expression in the controller.

edit app/controllers/say_controller.rb

class SayController < ApplicationController

  def hello

    @time = Time.now

  end

end

Reference the result in the view.

edit app/views/say/hello.html.erb

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

  <head>

    <title>Hello Rails</title>

  </head>

  <body>

    <h1>Hello from Rails!</h1>

    <p>

      It is now <%= @time %>

    </p>

  </body>

</html>

get /say/hello

pub work/demo3

Add a goodbye action

edit app/controllers/say_controller.rb

class SayController < ApplicationController

  def hello

    @time = Time.now

  end

  def goodbye

  end

end

Add a goodbye template

edit app/views/say/goodbye.html.erb

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

  <head>

    <title>See You Later!</title>

  </head>

  <body>

    <h1>Goodbye!</h1>

    <p>

      It was nice having you here.

    </p>

  </body>

</html>

get /say/goodbye

pub work/demo4

Add a link from the hello page to the goodbye page

edit app/views/say/hello.html.erb

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

  <head>

    <title>Hello Rails</title>

  </head>

  <body>

    <h1>Hello from Rails!</h1>

    <p>

      It is now <%= @time %>

    </p>

    <p>

      Time to say

      <%= link_to "Goodbye!", :action => "goodbye" %>

    </p>

  </body>

</html>

get /say/hello

Add a link back to the hello page

edit app/views/say/goodbye.html.erb

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

  <head>

    <title>See You Later!</title>

  </head>

  <body>

    <h1>Goodbye!</h1>

    <p>

      It was nice having you here.

    </p>

    <p>

      Say <%= link_to "Hello", :action => "hello" %> again.

    </p>

  </body>

</html>

get /say/goodbye

pub work/demo5

This section mostly covers database configuration options for those users that insist on using MySQL. SQLite3 users will skip most of it.

Create the application.

ruby /home/rubys/git/rails/railties/bin/rails depot

      create  

      create  README

      create  Rakefile

      create  config.ru

      create  Gemfile

      create  app

      create  app/helpers/application_helper.rb

      create  app/controllers/application_controller.rb

      create  app/views/layouts

      create  app/models

      create  config

      create  config/routes.rb

      create  config/application.rb

      create  config/environment.rb

      create  config/environments

      create  config/environments/development.rb

      create  config/environments/test.rb

      create  config/environments/production.rb

      create  config/initializers

      create  config/initializers/mime_types.rb

      create  config/initializers/new_rails_defaults.rb

      create  config/initializers/inflections.rb

      create  config/initializers/session_store.rb

      create  config/initializers/backtrace_silencers.rb

      create  config/locales

      create  config/locales/en.yml

      create  config/boot.rb

      create  config/database.yml

      create  db

      create  db/seeds.rb

      create  doc

      create  doc/README_FOR_APP

      create  lib

      create  lib/tasks

      create  log

      create  log/server.log

      create  log/production.log

      create  log/development.log

      create  log/test.log

      create  public

      create  public/500.html

      create  public/robots.txt

      create  public/favicon.ico

      create  public/422.html

      create  public/404.html

      create  public/index.html

      create  public/images

      create  public/images/rails.png

      create  public/stylesheets

      create  public/javascripts

      create  public/javascripts/prototype.js

      create  public/javascripts/dragdrop.js

      create  public/javascripts/effects.js

      create  public/javascripts/controls.js

      create  public/javascripts/application.js

      create  script

      create  script/server

      create  script/console

      create  script/generate

      create  script/destroy

      create  script/runner

      create  script/plugin

      create  script/performance/benchmarker

      create  script/performance/profiler

      create  script/dbconsole

      create  script/about

      create  test

      create  test/test_helper.rb

      create  test/performance/browsing_test.rb

      create  test/fixtures

      create  test/unit

      create  test/functional

      create  test/integration

      create  tmp

      create  tmp/sessions

      create  tmp/sockets

      create  tmp/cache

      create  tmp/pids

      create  vendor/plugins

ln -s /home/rubys/git/rails vendor/rails

Look at the files created.

ls -p

app/	 config.ru  doc/     lib/  public/   README   test/  vendor/

config/  db/	    Gemfile  log/  Rakefile  script/  tmp/

Database configuration options (generally not required for sqlite3)

cat config/database.yml

# SQLite version 3.x

#   gem install sqlite3-ruby (not necessary on OS X Leopard)

development:

  adapter: sqlite3

  database: db/development.sqlite3

  pool: 5

  timeout: 5000

# Warning: The database defined as "test" will be erased and

# re-generated from your development database when you run "rake".

# Do not set this db to the same as development or production.

test:

  adapter: sqlite3

  database: db/test.sqlite3

  pool: 5

  timeout: 5000

production:

  adapter: sqlite3

  database: db/production.sqlite3

  pool: 5

  timeout: 5000

Generate scaffolding for a real model, modify a template, and do our first bit of data entry.

Generating our first model and associated scaffolding

ruby script/generate scaffold product title:string description:text image_url:string price:decimal

      invoke  active_record

      create    db/migrate/20091220081022_create_products.rb

      create    app/models/product.rb

      invoke    test_unit

      create      test/unit/product_test.rb

      create      test/fixtures/products.yml

       route  resources :products

      invoke  scaffold_controller

      create    app/controllers/products_controller.rb

      invoke    erb

      create      app/views/products

      create      app/views/products/index.html.erb

      create      app/views/products/edit.html.erb

      create      app/views/products/show.html.erb

      create      app/views/products/new.html.erb

      create      app/views/products/_form.html.erb

      create      app/views/layouts/products.html.erb

      invoke    test_unit

      create      test/functional/products_controller_test.rb

      invoke    helper

      create      app/helpers/products_helper.rb

      invoke      test_unit

      create        test/unit/helpers/products_helper_test.rb

      invoke  stylesheets

      create    public/stylesheets/scaffold.css

Restart the server.

Add precision and scale to the price

edit db/migrate/20091220081022_create_products.rb

class CreateProducts < ActiveRecord::Migration

  def self.up

    create_table :products do |t|

      t.string :title

      t.text :description

      t.string :image_url

      t.decimal :price, :precision => 8, :scale => 2

      t.timestamps

    end

  end

  def self.down

    drop_table :products

  end

end

Apply the migration

rake db:migrate

mv 20091220081022_create_products.rb 20100301000001_create_products.rb

(in /home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot)

==  CreateProducts: migrating =================================================

-- create_table(:products)

   -> 0.0019s

==  CreateProducts: migrated (0.0020s) ========================================

Get an (empty) list of products

get /products

Show (and modify) one of the templates produced

edit app/views/products/_form.html.erb

<% form_for(@product) do |f| %>

  <%= f.error_messages %>

  <div class="field">

    <%= f.label :title %><br />

    <%= f.text_field :title %>

  </div>

  <div class="field">

    <%= f.label :description %><br />

    <%= f.text_area :description, :rows => 6 %>

  </div>

  <div class="field">

    <%= f.label :image_url %><br />

    <%= f.text_field :image_url %>

  </div>

  <div class="field">

    <%= f.label :price %><br />

    <%= f.text_field :price %>

  </div>

  <div class="actions">

    <% if @product.new_record? %>

      <%= f.submit 'Create' %>

    <% else %>

      <%= f.submit 'Update' %>

    <% end %>

  </div>

<% end %>

Create a product

get /products/new

post /products

• product[image_url] => /images/svn.jpg
• product[price] => 29.95
• product[description] => <p> This book is a recipe-based approach to using Subversion that will get you up and running quickly---and correctly. All projects need version control: it's a foundational piece of any project's infrastructure. Yet half of all project teams in the U.S. dont use any version control at all. Many others dont use it well, and end up experiencing time-consuming problems. </p>
• product[title] => Pragmatic Version Control

get http://127.0.0.1:3000/products/1

Verify that the product has been added

get /products

And, just to verify that we haven't broken anything

rake test

(in /home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot)

DEPRECATION WARNING: ActiveSupport::DeprecatedCallbacks has been deprecated in favor of ActiveSupport::Callbacks. (called from included at /home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/testing/setup_and_teardown.rb:7)

Loaded suite /home/rubys/.rvm/gems/ruby/1.8.7/gems/rake-0.8.7/lib/rake/rake_test_loader

Started

.

Finished in 0.071877 seconds.

1 tests, 1 assertions, 0 failures, 0 errors

DEPRECATION WARNING: ActiveSupport::DeprecatedCallbacks has been deprecated in favor of ActiveSupport::Callbacks. (called from included at /home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/testing/setup_and_teardown.rb:7)

Loaded suite /home/rubys/.rvm/gems/ruby/1.8.7/gems/rake-0.8.7/lib/rake/rake_test_loader

Started

.......

Finished in 0.204108 seconds.

7 tests, 10 assertions, 0 failures, 0 errors

pub depot_a

"Rails on the Inside" sections that can be skipped on first reading, they give a peek at is going on beneath the hood... in this case it looks at databases amd models.

Take a peek inside the database.

sqlite3> .schema

CREATE TABLE "products" ("id" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT NOT NULL, "title" varchar(255), "description" text, "image_url" varchar(255), "price" decimal(8,2), "created_at" datetime, "updated_at" datetime);

CREATE TABLE "schema_migrations" ("version" varchar(255) NOT NULL);

CREATE UNIQUE INDEX "unique_schema_migrations" ON "schema_migrations" ("version");

See what migrations have been applied.

sqlite3> select version from schema_migrations

version = 20100301000001

Look at the model....

cat app/models/product.rb

class Product < ActiveRecord::Base

end

Get a list of column names.

echo "Product.column_names" | IRBRC=tmp/irbrc ruby script/console

Loading development environment (Rails 3.0.pre)

>> Product.column_names

=> ["id", "title", "description", "image_url", "price", "created_at", "updated_at"]

>> 

Details on the price colum.

echo "Product.columns_hash[\"price\"]" | IRBRC=tmp/irbrc ruby script/console

Loading development environment (Rails 3.0.pre)

>> Product.columns_hash["price"]

=> #<ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::SQLiteColumn:0xb76c98ac @sql_type="decimal(8,2)", @type=:decimal, @precision=8, @primary=false, @name="price", @default=nil, @limit=8, @null=true, @scale=2>

>> 

echo "p=Product.find(1)\\nputs p.title\\np.title+= \"Using Git\"" | IRBRC=tmp/irbrc ruby script/console

Loading development environment (Rails 3.0.pre)

>> p=Product.find(1)

=> #<Product id: 1, title: "Pragmatic Version Control", description: "<p>\nThis book is a recipe-based approach to\nusing S...", image_url: "/images/svn.jpg", price: #<BigDecimal:b76d588c,'0.2995E2',8(8)>, created_at: "2009-12-20 08:10:32", updated_at: "2009-12-20 08:10:32">

>> puts p.title

Pragmatic Version Control

=> nil

>> p.title+= "Using Git"

=> "Pragmatic Version ControlUsing Git"

>> 

Look at the proct data itself.

sqlite3> select * from products limit 1

         id = 1

      title = Pragmatic Version Control

description = <p>

This book is a recipe-based approach to

using Subversion that will get you up

and running quickly---and correctly. All

projects need version control: it's a

foundational piece of any project's

infrastructure. Yet half of all project

teams in the U.S.  dont use any version

control at all. Many others dont use it

well, and end up experiencing

time-consuming problems.

</p>

  image_url = /images/svn.jpg

      price = 29.95

 created_at = 2009-12-20 08:10:32.291690

 updated_at = 2009-12-20 08:10:32.291690

Look at raw column values.

echo "Product.find(:first).price_before_type_cast" | IRBRC=tmp/irbrc ruby script/console

Loading development environment (Rails 3.0.pre)

>> Product.find(:first).price_before_type_cast

=> "29.95"

>> 

echo "Product.find(:first).updated_at_before_type_cast" | IRBRC=tmp/irbrc ruby script/console

Loading development environment (Rails 3.0.pre)

>> Product.find(:first).updated_at_before_type_cast

=> "2009-12-20 08:10:32.291690"

>> 

Demonstrate a few techniques that will help readers get back to a known state if they ever stray too far from the script.

Roll back a migration.

rake db:rollback

(in /home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot)

==  CreateProducts: reverting =================================================

-- drop_table(:products)

   -> 0.0008s

==  CreateProducts: reverted (0.0009s) ========================================

Reapply migration.

rake db:migrate

(in /home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot)

==  CreateProducts: migrating =================================================

-- create_table(:products)

   -> 0.0020s

==  CreateProducts: migrated (0.0021s) ========================================

Configure Git.

git repo-config --get-regexp user.*

user.name Sam Ruby

user.email rubys@intertwingly.net

Tell Git what files to ignore.

edit .gitignore

db/*.sqlite3

log/*.log

tmp/**/*

Initialize repository.

git init

Initialized empty Git repository in .git/

Add all the files.

git add .

Initial commit.

git commit -m "Depot Scaffold"

Created initial commit ede8cdc: Depot Scaffold

 63 files changed, 8781 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)

 create mode 100644 .gitignore

 create mode 100644 Gemfile

 create mode 100644 README

 create mode 100644 Rakefile

 create mode 100644 app/controllers/application_controller.rb

 create mode 100644 app/controllers/products_controller.rb

 create mode 100644 app/helpers/application_helper.rb

 create mode 100644 app/helpers/products_helper.rb

 create mode 100644 app/models/product.rb

 create mode 100644 app/views/layouts/products.html.erb

 create mode 100644 app/views/products/_form.html.erb

 create mode 100644 app/views/products/edit.html.erb

 create mode 100644 app/views/products/index.html.erb

 create mode 100644 app/views/products/new.html.erb

 create mode 100644 app/views/products/show.html.erb

 create mode 100644 config.ru

 create mode 100644 config/application.rb

 create mode 100644 config/boot.rb

 create mode 100644 config/database.yml

 create mode 100644 config/environment.rb

 create mode 100644 config/environments/development.rb

 create mode 100644 config/environments/production.rb

 create mode 100644 config/environments/test.rb

 create mode 100644 config/initializers/backtrace_silencers.rb

 create mode 100644 config/initializers/inflections.rb

 create mode 100644 config/initializers/mime_types.rb

 create mode 100644 config/initializers/new_rails_defaults.rb

 create mode 100644 config/initializers/session_store.rb

 create mode 100644 config/locales/en.yml

 create mode 100644 config/routes.rb

 create mode 100644 db/migrate/20100301000001_create_products.rb

 create mode 100644 db/schema.rb

 create mode 100644 db/seeds.rb

 create mode 100644 doc/README_FOR_APP

 create mode 100644 public/404.html

 create mode 100644 public/422.html

 create mode 100644 public/500.html

 create mode 100644 public/favicon.ico

 create mode 100644 public/images/rails.png

 create mode 100644 public/index.html

 create mode 100644 public/javascripts/application.js

 create mode 100644 public/javascripts/controls.js

 create mode 100644 public/javascripts/dragdrop.js

 create mode 100644 public/javascripts/effects.js

 create mode 100644 public/javascripts/prototype.js

 create mode 100644 public/robots.txt

 create mode 100644 public/stylesheets/scaffold.css

 create mode 100755 script/about

 create mode 100755 script/console

 create mode 100755 script/dbconsole

 create mode 100755 script/destroy

 create mode 100755 script/generate

 create mode 100755 script/performance/benchmarker

 create mode 100755 script/performance/profiler

 create mode 100755 script/plugin

 create mode 100755 script/runner

 create mode 100755 script/server

 create mode 100644 test/fixtures/products.yml

 create mode 100644 test/functional/products_controller_test.rb

 create mode 100644 test/performance/browsing_test.rb

 create mode 100644 test/test_helper.rb

 create mode 100644 test/unit/helpers/products_helper_test.rb

 create mode 100644 test/unit/product_test.rb

 create mode 120000 vendor/rails

Augment the model with a few vailidity checks.

Various validations: required, numeric, positive, and unique

edit app/models/product.rb

class Product < ActiveRecord::Base

  validates_presence_of :title, :description, :image_url

  validates_numericality_of :price

  validate :price_must_be_at_least_a_cent

  validates_uniqueness_of :title

  validates_format_of :image_url, :allow_blank => true,

                      :with    => %r{\.(gif|jpg|png)$}i,

                      :message => 'must be a URL for GIF, JPG ' +

                                  'or PNG image.'

protected

  def price_must_be_at_least_a_cent

    errors.add(:price, 'should be at least 0.01') if price.nil? ||

                       price < 0.00

  end

end

Demonstrate failures.

get /products/new

post /products

• product[price] => 0.0

Demonstrate more failures.

get /products/new

post /products

• product[image_url] => /images/utj.jpg
• product[price] => wibble
• product[description] => A true masterwork. Comparable to Kafka at his funniest, or Marx during his slapstick period. Move over, Tolstoy, there's a new funster in town.
• product[title] => Pragmatic Unit Testing

edit app/models/product.rb

class Product < ActiveRecord::Base

  validates_presence_of :title, :description, :image_url

  validates_numericality_of :price

  validate :price_must_be_at_least_a_cent

  validates_uniqueness_of :title

  validates_format_of :image_url,

                      :with    => %r{\.(gif|jpg|png)$}i,

                      :message => 'must be a URL for GIF, JPG ' +

                                  'or PNG image.'

protected

  def price_must_be_at_least_a_cent

    errors.add(:price, 'should be at least 0.01') if price.nil? ||

                       price < 0.01

  end

end

edit app/views/layouts/products.html.erb

pub depot_b

Introduce the importance of unit testing.

Now run the tests... and watch them fail :-(

rake test

(in /home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot)

DEPRECATION WARNING: ActiveSupport::DeprecatedCallbacks has been deprecated in favor of ActiveSupport::Callbacks. (called from included at /home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/testing/setup_and_teardown.rb:7)

Loaded suite /home/rubys/.rvm/gems/ruby/1.8.7/gems/rake-0.8.7/lib/rake/rake_test_loader

Started

.

Finished in 0.075616 seconds.

1 tests, 1 assertions, 0 failures, 0 errors

DEPRECATION WARNING: ActiveSupport::DeprecatedCallbacks has been deprecated in favor of ActiveSupport::Callbacks. (called from included at /home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/testing/setup_and_teardown.rb:7)

Loaded suite /home/rubys/.rvm/gems/ruby/1.8.7/gems/rake-0.8.7/lib/rake/rake_test_loader

Started

F.....F

Finished in 0.227155 seconds.

  1) Failure:

test_should_create_product(ProductsControllerTest) [/test/functional/products_controller_test.rb:16]:

"Product.count" didn't change by 1.

<3> expected but was

<2>.

  2) Failure:

test_should_update_product(ProductsControllerTest) [/test/functional/products_controller_test.rb:35]:

Expected response to be a <:redirect>, but was <200>

7 tests, 9 assertions, 2 failures, 0 errors

Errors running test:functionals!

Solution is simple, provide valid data.

edit test/functional/products_controller_test.rb

require 'test_helper'

class ProductsControllerTest < ActionController::TestCase

  TEST_DATA = {

    :title       => "My Book Title",

    :description => "yyy",

    :image_url   => "zzz.jpg",

    :price       => 12.50

  }

  # ...

  test "should create product" do

    assert_difference('Product.count') do

      post :create, :product => TEST_DATA

    end

    assert_redirected_to product_path(assigns(:product))

  end

  # ...

  test "should update product" do

    put :update, :id => products(:one).to_param, :product => TEST_DATA

    assert_redirected_to product_path(assigns(:product))

  end

  # ...

end

Tests now pass again :-)

rake test

(in /home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot)

DEPRECATION WARNING: ActiveSupport::DeprecatedCallbacks has been deprecated in favor of ActiveSupport::Callbacks. (called from included at /home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/testing/setup_and_teardown.rb:7)

Loaded suite /home/rubys/.rvm/gems/ruby/1.8.7/gems/rake-0.8.7/lib/rake/rake_test_loader

Started

.

Finished in 0.072551 seconds.

1 tests, 1 assertions, 0 failures, 0 errors

DEPRECATION WARNING: ActiveSupport::DeprecatedCallbacks has been deprecated in favor of ActiveSupport::Callbacks. (called from included at /home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/testing/setup_and_teardown.rb:7)

Loaded suite /home/rubys/.rvm/gems/ruby/1.8.7/gems/rake-0.8.7/lib/rake/rake_test_loader

Started

.......

Finished in 0.212912 seconds.

7 tests, 10 assertions, 0 failures, 0 errors

Add some unit tests for new function.

edit test/unit/product_test.rb

require 'test_helper'

class ProductTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase

  fixtures :products

  test "invalid with empty attributes" do

    product = Product.new

    assert !product.valid?

    assert product.errors[:title].any?

    assert product.errors[:description].any?

    assert product.errors[:price].any?

    assert product.errors[:image_url].any?

  end

  test "positive price" do

    product = Product.new(:title       => "My Book Title",

                          :description => "yyy",

                          :image_url   => "zzz.jpg")

    product.price = -1

    assert !product.valid?

    assert_equal "should be at least 0.01", product.errors[:price].join

    product.price = 0

    assert !product.valid?

    assert_equal "should be at least 0.01", product.errors[:price].join

    product.price = 1

    assert product.valid?

  end

  test "image url" do

    ok = %w{ fred.gif fred.jpg fred.png FRED.JPG FRED.Jpg

             http://a.b.c/x/y/z/fred.gif }

    bad = %w{ fred.doc fred.gif/more fred.gif.more }

    ok.each do |name|

      product = Product.new(:title       => "My Book Title",

                            :description => "yyy",

                            :price       => 1,

                            :image_url   => name)

      assert product.valid?, product.errors.full_messages

    end

    bad.each do |name|

      product = Product.new(:title => "My Book Title",

                            :description => "yyy",

                            :price => 1,

                            :image_url => name)

      assert !product.valid?, "saving #{name}"

    end

  end

  test "unique title" do

    product = Product.new(:title       => products(:one).title,

                          :description => "yyy", 

                          :price       => 1, 

                          :image_url   => "fred.gif")

    assert !product.save

    assert_equal "has already been taken", product.errors[:title].join

  end

  test "unique title1" do

    product = Product.new(:title       => products(:one).title,

                          :description => "yyy", 

                          :price       => 1, 

                          :image_url   => "fred.gif")

    assert !product.save

    assert_equal I18n.translate('activerecord.errors.messages.taken'),

                 product.errors[:title].join

  end

end

Modify the fixture.

edit test/fixtures/products.yml

one:

  title:       Title One

  description: Dummy description

  price:       1234

  image_url:   one.png

two:

  title:       Title Two

  description: Dummy description

  price:       2345

  image_url:   two.png

Tests pass!

rake test

(in /home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot)

DEPRECATION WARNING: ActiveSupport::DeprecatedCallbacks has been deprecated in favor of ActiveSupport::Callbacks. (called from included at /home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/testing/setup_and_teardown.rb:7)

Loaded suite /home/rubys/.rvm/gems/ruby/1.8.7/gems/rake-0.8.7/lib/rake/rake_test_loader

Started

.....

Finished in 0.132445 seconds.

5 tests, 23 assertions, 0 failures, 0 errors

DEPRECATION WARNING: ActiveSupport::DeprecatedCallbacks has been deprecated in favor of ActiveSupport::Callbacks. (called from included at /home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/testing/setup_and_teardown.rb:7)

Loaded suite /home/rubys/.rvm/gems/ruby/1.8.7/gems/rake-0.8.7/lib/rake/rake_test_loader

Started

.......

Finished in 0.212924 seconds.

7 tests, 10 assertions, 0 failures, 0 errors

Save our work

Show what files we changed.

git status

# On branch master

# Changed but not updated:

#   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)

#

#	modified:   app/models/product.rb

#	modified:   app/views/layouts/products.html.erb

#	modified:   test/fixtures/products.yml

#	modified:   test/functional/products_controller_test.rb

#	modified:   test/unit/product_test.rb

#

no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")

Commit changes using -a shortcut

git commit -a -m "Validation!"

Created commit b2b7600: Validation!

 5 files changed, 148 insertions(+), 19 deletions(-)

Show the relationship between various artifacts: seed data, stylesheets, html, and images.

Load some "seed" data

edit db/seeds.rb

Product.delete_all

Product.create(:title => 'Pragmatic Version Control',

  :description =>

      %{<p>

         This book is a recipe-based approach to using Subversion that will 

         get you up and running quickly---and correctly. All projects need

         version control: it's a foundational piece of any project's 

         infrastructure. Yet half of all project teams in the U.S. don't use

         any version control at all. Many others don't use it well, and end 

         up experiencing time-consuming problems.

      </p>},

  :image_url => '/images/svn.jpg',

  :price => 28.50)

  # . . .

rake db:seed

(in /home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot)

Link to the stylesheet in the layout

edit app/views/layouts/products.html.erb

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<head>

  <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />

  <title>Products: <%= controller.action_name %></title>

  <%= stylesheet_link_tag 'scaffold', 'depot' %>

</head>

Replace the scaffold generated view with some custom HTML

edit app/views/products/index.html.erb

<div id="product_list">

  <h1>Listing products</h1>

  <table>

  <% @products.each do |product| %>

    <tr class="<%= cycle('list_line_odd', 'list_line_even') %>">

      <td>

        <%= image_tag product.image_url, :class => 'list_image' %>

      </td>

      <td class="list_description">

        <dl>

          <dt><%= product.title %></dt>

          <dd><%= truncate(product.description.gsub(/<.*?>/,''),

                 :length => 80) %></dd>

        </dl>

      </td>

      <td class="list_actions">

        <%= link_to 'Show', product %><br/>

        <%= link_to 'Edit', edit_product_path(product) %><br/>

        <%= link_to 'Destroy', product, 

                    :confirm => 'Are you sure?',

                    :method => :delete %>

      </td>

    </tr>

  <% end %>

  </table>

</div>

<br />

<%= link_to 'New product', new_product_path %>

Copy some images and a stylesheet

cp -v /home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/data/images/* public/images/

`/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/data/images/auto.jpg' -> `public/images/auto.jpg'

`/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/data/images/logo.png' -> `public/images/logo.png'

`/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/data/images/rails.png' -> `public/images/rails.png'

`/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/data/images/svn.jpg' -> `public/images/svn.jpg'

`/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/data/images/utc.jpg' -> `public/images/utc.jpg'

cp -v /home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/data/depot.css public/stylesheets

`/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/data/depot.css' -> `public/stylesheets/depot.css'

See the finished result

get /products

Listing products

	Pragmatic Project Automation Pragmatic Project Automation shows you how to improve the con...	Show Edit Destroy
	Pragmatic Version Control This book is a recipe-based approach to using Subversion that will ...	Show Edit Destroy
	Pragmatic Unit Testing (C#) Pragmatic programmers use feedback to drive their development and ...	Show Edit Destroy

New product

pub depot_c

Show the model, view, and controller working together.

Create a second controller with a single index action

ruby script/generate controller store index

      create  app/controllers/store_controller.rb

      invoke  erb

      create    app/views/store

      create    app/views/store/index.html.erb

      invoke  test_unit

      create    test/functional/store_controller_test.rb

      invoke  helper

      create    app/helpers/store_helper.rb

      invoke    test_unit

      create      test/unit/helpers/store_helper_test.rb

Demonstrate that everything is wired together

get /store

In the controller, get a list of products from the model

edit app/controllers/store_controller.rb

class StoreController < ApplicationController

  def index

    @products = Product.all

  end

end

In the model, define a default sort order

edit app/models/product.rb

class Product < ActiveRecord::Base

  default_scope :order => 'title'

  # validation stuff...

In the view, display a list of products

edit app/views/store/index.html.erb

<h1>Your Pragmatic Catalog</h1>

<% @products.each do |product| %>

  <div class="entry">

    <%= image_tag(product.image_url) %>

    <h3><%= product.title %></h3>

    <%=raw product.description %>

    <div class="price_line">

      <span class="price"><%= product.price %></span>

    </div>

  </div>

<% end %>

Show our first (ugly) catalog page

get /store

Your Pragmatic Catalog

Pragmatic Project Automation

Pragmatic Project Automation shows you how to improve the consistency and repeatability of your project's procedures using automation to reduce risk and errors.

Simply put, we're going to put this thing called a computer to work for you doing the mundane (but important) project stuff. That means you'll have more time and energy to do the really exciting---and difficult---stuff, like writing quality code.

29.95

Pragmatic Unit Testing (C#)

Pragmatic programmers use feedback to drive their development and personal processes. The most valuable feedback you can get while coding comes from unit testing.

Without good tests in place, coding can become a frustrating game of "whack-a-mole." That's the carnival game where the player strikes at a mechanical mole; it retreats and another mole pops up on the opposite side of the field. The moles pop up and down so fast that you end up flailing your mallet helplessly as the moles continue to pop up where you least expect them.

27.75

Pragmatic Version Control

This book is a recipe-based approach to using Subversion that will get you up and running quickly---and correctly. All projects need version control: it's a foundational piece of any project's infrastructure. Yet half of all project teams in the U.S. don't use any version control at all. Many others don't use it well, and end up experiencing time-consuming problems.

28.5

pub depot_d

Demonstrate layouts.

Add a layout

edit app/views/layouts/store.html.erb

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<head>

  <title>Pragprog Books Online Store</title>

  <%= stylesheet_link_tag "depot", :media => "all" %><!-- <label id="code.slt"/> -->

</head>

<body id="store">

  <div id="banner">

    <%= image_tag("logo.png") %>

    <%= @page_title || "Pragmatic Bookshelf" %><!-- <label id="code.depot.e.title"/> -->

  </div>

  <div id="columns">

    <div id="side">

      <a href="http://www....">Home</a><br />

      <a href="http://www..../faq">Questions</a><br />

      <a href="http://www..../news">News</a><br />

      <a href="http://www..../contact">Contact</a><br />

    </div>

    <div id="main">

      <%= yield %><!-- <label id="code.depot.e.include"/> -->

    </div>

  </div>

</body>

</html>

Modify the stylesheet

edit public/stylesheets/depot.css

/* Styles for main page */

#banner {

  background: #9c9;

  padding-top: 10px;

  padding-bottom: 10px;

  border-bottom: 2px solid;

  font: small-caps 40px/40px "Times New Roman", serif;

  color: #282;

  text-align: center;

}

#banner img {

  float: left;

}

#columns {

  background: #141;

}

#main {

  margin-left: 13em;

  padding-top: 4ex;

  padding-left: 2em;

  background: white;

}

#side {

  float: left;

  padding-top: 1em;

  padding-left: 1em;

  padding-bottom: 1em;

  width: 12em;

  background: #141;

}

#side a {

  color: #bfb;

  font-size: small;

}

Show the results.

get /store

Pragmatic Bookshelf

Home
Questions
News
Contact

Your Pragmatic Catalog

Pragmatic Project Automation

Pragmatic Project Automation shows you how to improve the consistency and repeatability of your project's procedures using automation to reduce risk and errors.

Simply put, we're going to put this thing called a computer to work for you doing the mundane (but important) project stuff. That means you'll have more time and energy to do the really exciting---and difficult---stuff, like writing quality code.

29.95

Pragmatic Unit Testing (C#)

Pragmatic programmers use feedback to drive their development and personal processes. The most valuable feedback you can get while coding comes from unit testing.

Without good tests in place, coding can become a frustrating game of "whack-a-mole." That's the carnival game where the player strikes at a mechanical mole; it retreats and another mole pops up on the opposite side of the field. The moles pop up and down so fast that you end up flailing your mallet helplessly as the moles continue to pop up where you least expect them.

27.75

Pragmatic Version Control

This book is a recipe-based approach to using Subversion that will get you up and running quickly---and correctly. All projects need version control: it's a foundational piece of any project's infrastructure. Yet half of all project teams in the U.S. don't use any version control at all. Many others don't use it well, and end up experiencing time-consuming problems.

28.5

Demonstrate helpers.

Format the price using a built-in helper.

edit app/views/store/index.html.erb

<h1>Your Pragmatic Catalog</h1>

<% @products.each do |product| %>

  <div class="entry">

    <%= image_tag(product.image_url) %>

    <h3><%= product.title %></h3>

    <%=raw product.description %>

    <div class="price_line">

      <span class="price"><%= number_to_currency(product.price) %></span>

    </div>

  </div>

<% end %>

Show the results.

get /store

Pragmatic Bookshelf

Home
Questions
News
Contact

Your Pragmatic Catalog

Pragmatic Project Automation

Pragmatic Project Automation shows you how to improve the consistency and repeatability of your project's procedures using automation to reduce risk and errors.

Simply put, we're going to put this thing called a computer to work for you doing the mundane (but important) project stuff. That means you'll have more time and energy to do the really exciting---and difficult---stuff, like writing quality code.

$29.95

Pragmatic Unit Testing (C#)

Pragmatic programmers use feedback to drive their development and personal processes. The most valuable feedback you can get while coding comes from unit testing.

Without good tests in place, coding can become a frustrating game of "whack-a-mole." That's the carnival game where the player strikes at a mechanical mole; it retreats and another mole pops up on the opposite side of the field. The moles pop up and down so fast that you end up flailing your mallet helplessly as the moles continue to pop up where you least expect them.

$27.75

Pragmatic Version Control

This book is a recipe-based approach to using Subversion that will get you up and running quickly---and correctly. All projects need version control: it's a foundational piece of any project's infrastructure. Yet half of all project teams in the U.S. don't use any version control at all. Many others don't use it well, and end up experiencing time-consuming problems.

$28.50

Demonstrate use of assert_select to test views.

Verify that the tests still pass.

rake test

(in /home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot)

DEPRECATION WARNING: ActiveSupport::DeprecatedCallbacks has been deprecated in favor of ActiveSupport::Callbacks. (called from included at /home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/testing/setup_and_teardown.rb:7)

Loaded suite /home/rubys/.rvm/gems/ruby/1.8.7/gems/rake-0.8.7/lib/rake/rake_test_loader

Started

.....

Finished in 0.129776 seconds.

5 tests, 23 assertions, 0 failures, 0 errors

DEPRECATION WARNING: ActiveSupport::DeprecatedCallbacks has been deprecated in favor of ActiveSupport::Callbacks. (called from included at /home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/testing/setup_and_teardown.rb:7)

Loaded suite /home/rubys/.rvm/gems/ruby/1.8.7/gems/rake-0.8.7/lib/rake/rake_test_loader

Started

........

Finished in 0.281477 seconds.

8 tests, 11 assertions, 0 failures, 0 errors

Review the test data.

cat test/fixtures/products.yml

#START:ruby

one:

  title:       Title One

  description: Dummy description

  price:       1234

  image_url:   one.png

#END:ruby

two:

  title:       Title Two

  description: Dummy description

  price:       2345

  image_url:   two.png

Add tests for layout, product display, and formatting, using counts, string comparisons, and regular expressions.

edit test/functional/store_controller_test.rb

require 'test_helper'

class StoreControllerTest < ActionController::TestCase

  test "index page" do

    get :index

    assert_response :success

    assert_select '#columns #side a', 4

    assert_select '#main .entry', 2

    assert_select 'h3', 'Title One'

    assert_select 'h3', 'Title Two'

    assert_select '.price', /\$[,\d]+\.\d\d/

  end

end

Show that the tests pass.

rake test:functionals

(in /home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot)

DEPRECATION WARNING: ActiveSupport::DeprecatedCallbacks has been deprecated in favor of ActiveSupport::Callbacks. (called from included at /home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/testing/setup_and_teardown.rb:7)

Loaded suite /home/rubys/.rvm/gems/ruby/1.8.7/gems/rake-0.8.7/lib/rake/rake_test_loader

Started

........

Finished in 0.311119 seconds.

8 tests, 18 assertions, 0 failures, 0 errors

pub depot_e

Create a cart. Put it in a session. Find it.

Create a cart.

ruby script/generate scaffold cart

      invoke  active_record

      create    db/migrate/20091220081122_create_carts.rb

      create    app/models/cart.rb

      invoke    test_unit

      create      test/unit/cart_test.rb

      create      test/fixtures/carts.yml

       route  resources :carts

      invoke  scaffold_controller

      create    app/controllers/carts_controller.rb

      invoke    erb

      create      app/views/carts

      create      app/views/carts/index.html.erb

      create      app/views/carts/edit.html.erb

      create      app/views/carts/show.html.erb

      create      app/views/carts/new.html.erb

      create      app/views/carts/_form.html.erb

      create      app/views/layouts/carts.html.erb

      invoke    test_unit

      create      test/functional/carts_controller_test.rb

      invoke    helper

      create      app/helpers/carts_helper.rb

      invoke      test_unit

      create        test/unit/helpers/carts_helper_test.rb

      invoke  stylesheets

   identical    public/stylesheets/scaffold.css

rake db:migrate

mv 20091220081122_create_carts.rb 20100301000002_create_carts.rb

(in /home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot)

==  CreateCarts: migrating ====================================================

-- create_table(:carts)

   -> 0.0017s

==  CreateCarts: migrated (0.0019s) ===========================================

Implement find_cart, which creates a new cart if it can't find one.

edit app/controllers/application_controller.rb

# Filters added to this controller apply to all controllers in the application.

# Likewise, all the methods added will be available for all controllers.

class ApplicationController < ActionController::Base

  helper :all # include all helpers, all the time

  protect_from_forgery # See ActionController::RequestForgeryProtection for details

  # Scrub sensitive parameters from your log

  # filter_parameter_logging :password

private

  def find_cart 

    @cart = Cart.find(session[:cart_id]) rescue nil

    unless @cart

      @cart = Cart.create

      session[:cart_id] = @cart.id

    end

    @cart

  end

end

Create line item which connects products to carts'

Create the model object.

ruby script/generate scaffold line_item product_id:integer cart_id:integer

      invoke  active_record

      create    db/migrate/20091220081126_create_line_items.rb

      create    app/models/line_item.rb

      invoke    test_unit

      create      test/unit/line_item_test.rb

      create      test/fixtures/line_items.yml

       route  resources :line_items

      invoke  scaffold_controller

      create    app/controllers/line_items_controller.rb

      invoke    erb

      create      app/views/line_items

      create      app/views/line_items/index.html.erb

      create      app/views/line_items/edit.html.erb

      create      app/views/line_items/show.html.erb

      create      app/views/line_items/new.html.erb

      create      app/views/line_items/_form.html.erb

      create      app/views/layouts/line_items.html.erb

      invoke    test_unit

      create      test/functional/line_items_controller_test.rb

      invoke    helper

      create      app/helpers/line_items_helper.rb

      invoke      test_unit

      create        test/unit/helpers/line_items_helper_test.rb

      invoke  stylesheets

   identical    public/stylesheets/scaffold.css

rake db:migrate

mv 20091220081126_create_line_items.rb 20100301000003_create_line_items.rb

(in /home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot)

==  CreateLineItems: migrating ================================================

-- create_table(:line_items)

   -> 0.0016s

==  CreateLineItems: migrated (0.0018s) =======================================

Cart has many line items.

edit app/models/cart.rb

class Cart < ActiveRecord::Base

  has_many :line_items, :dependent=>:destroy

end

Product has many line items.

edit app/models/product.rb

class Product < ActiveRecord::Base

  has_many :line_items

  before_destroy :ok_to_delete?

  # ensure that there are no line items referencing this product

  def ok_to_delete?

    if line_items.empty?

      return true

    else

      errors.add_to_base "Line Items present"

      return false

    end

  end

  #...

Line item belongs to both Cart and Product (But slightly more to the Cart). Also provide convenient access to the total price of the line item

edit app/models/line_item.rb

class LineItem < ActiveRecord::Base

  belongs_to :product

  belongs_to :cart, :touch => true

end

Now we connect the model objects we created to the controller and the view.

Add the button, connecting it to the Line Item Controller, passing the product id.

edit app/views/store/index.html.erb

      <%= button_to 'Add to Cart', line_items_path(:product_id => product) %>

Add a bit of style to make it show all on one line

edit public/stylesheets/depot.css

#store .entry form, #store .entry form div {

  display: inline;

}

Update the LineItem.new call to use find_cart and the product id. Additionally change the logic so that redirection upon success goes to the cart instead of the line item.

edit app/controllers/line_items_controller.rb

  # POST /line_items

  # POST /line_items.xml

  def create

    @line_item = LineItem.new(:cart=>find_cart, :product_id=>params[:product_id])

    respond_to do |format|

      if @line_item.save

        format.html { redirect_to(@line_item.cart, :notice => 'LineItem was successfully created.') }

        format.xml  { render :xml => @line_item, :status => :created, :location => @line_item }

      else

        format.html { render :action => "new" }

        format.xml  { render :xml => @line_item.errors, :status => :unprocessable_entity }

      end

    end

  end

Try it once, and see that the output isn't very useful yet.

get /store

Pragmatic Bookshelf

Home
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Your Pragmatic Catalog

Pragmatic Project Automation

Pragmatic Project Automation shows you how to improve the consistency and repeatability of your project's procedures using automation to reduce risk and errors.

Simply put, we're going to put this thing called a computer to work for you doing the mundane (but important) project stuff. That means you'll have more time and energy to do the really exciting---and difficult---stuff, like writing quality code.

$29.95

Pragmatic Unit Testing (C#)

Pragmatic programmers use feedback to drive their development and personal processes. The most valuable feedback you can get while coding comes from unit testing.

Without good tests in place, coding can become a frustrating game of "whack-a-mole." That's the carnival game where the player strikes at a mechanical mole; it retreats and another mole pops up on the opposite side of the field. The moles pop up and down so fast that you end up flailing your mallet helplessly as the moles continue to pop up where you least expect them.

$27.75

Pragmatic Version Control

This book is a recipe-based approach to using Subversion that will get you up and running quickly---and correctly. All projects need version control: it's a foundational piece of any project's infrastructure. Yet half of all project teams in the U.S. don't use any version control at all. Many others don't use it well, and end up experiencing time-consuming problems.

$28.50

post /line_items?product_id=2

• product_id => 2

get http://127.0.0.1:3000/carts/1

Update the template that shows the Cart.

edit app/views/carts/show.html.erb

<h2>Your Pragmatic Cart</h2>

<ul>    

  <% for item in @cart.line_items %>

    <li><%= item.product.title %></li>

  <% end %>

</ul>

Tell the cart controller to use the common store layout.

edit app/controllers/carts_controller.rb

class CartsController < ApplicationController

  layout 'store'

  # ...

Try it once again, and see that the products in the cart.

get /store

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Your Pragmatic Catalog

Pragmatic Project Automation

Pragmatic Project Automation shows you how to improve the consistency and repeatability of your project's procedures using automation to reduce risk and errors.

Simply put, we're going to put this thing called a computer to work for you doing the mundane (but important) project stuff. That means you'll have more time and energy to do the really exciting---and difficult---stuff, like writing quality code.

$29.95

Pragmatic Unit Testing (C#)

Pragmatic programmers use feedback to drive their development and personal processes. The most valuable feedback you can get while coding comes from unit testing.

Without good tests in place, coding can become a frustrating game of "whack-a-mole." That's the carnival game where the player strikes at a mechanical mole; it retreats and another mole pops up on the opposite side of the field. The moles pop up and down so fast that you end up flailing your mallet helplessly as the moles continue to pop up where you least expect them.

$27.75

Pragmatic Version Control

This book is a recipe-based approach to using Subversion that will get you up and running quickly---and correctly. All projects need version control: it's a foundational piece of any project's infrastructure. Yet half of all project teams in the U.S. don't use any version control at all. Many others don't use it well, and end up experiencing time-consuming problems.

$28.50

post /line_items?product_id=2

• product_id => 2

get http://127.0.0.1:3000/carts/1

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Your Pragmatic Cart

• Pragmatic Version Control
• Pragmatic Version Control

pub depot_f

Change the cart to track the quantity of each product.

Add a quantity column to the line_item table in the database.

ruby script/generate migration add_quantity_to_line_item quantity:integer

      invoke  active_record

      create    db/migrate/20091220081131_add_quantity_to_line_item.rb

Modify the migration to add a default value for the new column

edit db/migrate/20091220081131_add_quantity_to_line_item.rb

class AddQuantityToLineItem < ActiveRecord::Migration

  def self.up

    add_column :line_items, :quantity, :integer, :default => 1

  end

  def self.down

    remove_column :line_items, :quantity

  end

end

Apply the migration

rake db:migrate

mv 20091220081131_add_quantity_to_line_item.rb 20100301000004_add_quantity_to_line_item.rb

(in /home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot)

==  AddQuantityToLineItem: migrating ==========================================

-- add_column(:line_items, :quantity, :integer, {:default=>1})

   -> 0.0070s

==  AddQuantityToLineItem: migrated (0.0072s) =================================

Create a method to add a product to the cart by either incrementing the quantity of an existing line item, or creating a new line item.

edit app/models/cart.rb

  def add_product(product_id)

    current_item = line_items.find_by_product_id(product_id)

    if current_item

      current_item.quantity += 1

    else

      current_item = LineItem.new(:product_id=>product_id)

      line_items << current_item

    end

    current_item

  end

Replace the call to LineItem.new with a call to the new method.

edit app/controllers/line_items_controller.rb

  # POST /line_items

  # POST /line_items.xml

  def create

    @line_item = find_cart.add_product(params[:product_id])

    respond_to do |format|

      if @line_item.save

        format.html { redirect_to(@line_item.cart, :notice => 'LineItem was successfully created.') }

        format.xml  { render :xml => @line_item, :status => :created, :location => @line_item }

      else

        format.html { render :action => "new" }

        format.xml  { render :xml => @line_item.errors, :status => :unprocessable_entity }

      end

    end

  end

Update the view to show both columns.

edit app/views/carts/show.html.erb

<h2>Your Pragmatic Cart</h2>

<ul>    

  <% for item in @cart.line_items %>

    <li><%= item.quantity %> &times; <%= item.product.title %></li>

  <% end %>

</ul>

Look at the cart, and see that's not exactly what we intended

get /carts/1

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Your Pragmatic Cart

• 1 × Pragmatic Version Control
• 1 × Pragmatic Version Control

Generate a migration to combine/separate items in carts.

ruby script/generate migration combine_items_in_cart

      invoke  active_record

      create    db/migrate/20091220081135_combine_items_in_cart.rb

edit db/migrate/20091220081135_combine_items_in_cart.rb

class CombineItemsInCart < ActiveRecord::Migration

  def self.up

    # replace multiple items for a single product in a cart with a single item

    Cart.all.each do |cart|

      # count the number of each product in the cart

      items = LineItem.sum(:quantity, :conditions=>{:cart_id=>cart.id},

                           :group=>:product_id)

      items.each do |product, quantity|

        if quantity > 1

          # remove individual items

          LineItem.delete_all :cart_id=>cart.id, :product_id=>product

          # replace with a single item

          LineItem.create :cart_id=>cart.id, :product_id=>product,

                          :quantity=>quantity

        end

      end

    end

  end

  def self.down

    # split items with quantity>1 into multiple items

    LineItem.find(:all, :conditions => "quantity>1").each do |li|

      # add individual items

      li.quantity.times do 

        LineItem.create :cart_id=>li.cart_id, :product_id=>li.product_id,

                        :quantity=>1

      end

      # remove original item

      li.destroy

    end

  end

end

Combine entries

rake db:migrate

mv 20091220081135_combine_items_in_cart.rb 20100301000005_combine_items_in_cart.rb

(in /home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot)

==  CombineItemsInCart: migrating =============================================

==  CombineItemsInCart: migrated (0.2134s) ====================================

Verify that the entries have been combined.

get /carts/1

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Your Pragmatic Cart

• 2 × Pragmatic Version Control

Separate out individual items.

rake db:rollback

(in /home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot)

==  CombineItemsInCart: reverting =============================================

==  CombineItemsInCart: reverted (0.2196s) ====================================

Every item should (once again) only have a quantity of one.

get /carts/1

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Your Pragmatic Cart

• 1 × Pragmatic Version Control
• 1 × Pragmatic Version Control

Recombine the item data.

rake db:migrate

(in /home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot)

==  CombineItemsInCart: migrating =============================================

==  CombineItemsInCart: migrated (0.2138s) ====================================

Add a few products to the order.

post /line_items?product_id=1

• product_id => 1

get http://127.0.0.1:3000/carts/1

Pragmatic Bookshelf

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Your Pragmatic Cart

• 2 × Pragmatic Version Control
• 1 × Pragmatic Project Automation

post /line_items?product_id=2

• product_id => 2

get http://127.0.0.1:3000/carts/1

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Your Pragmatic Cart

• 3 × Pragmatic Version Control
• 1 × Pragmatic Project Automation

pub depot_g

Try something malicious.

get /carts/wibble

Couldn't find Cart with ID=wibble

/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/base.rb:1610:in `find_one'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/base.rb:1593:in `find_from_ids'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/base.rb:649:in `find'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/app/controllers/carts_controller.rb:22:in `show'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/action_controller/base.rb:43:in `send_action'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/action_controller/base.rb:43:in `send_action'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/abstract_controller/base.rb:116:in `process_action'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/abstract_controller/callbacks.rb:18:in `process_action'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:432:in `_run__636904803__process_action__453433196__callbacks'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:402:in `send'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:402:in `_run_process_action_callbacks'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:87:in `send'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:87:in `run_callbacks'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/abstract_controller/callbacks.rb:17:in `process_action'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/abstract_controller/logger.rb:38:in `process_action'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/notifications/instrumenter.rb:14:in `instrument'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/notifications.rb:72:in `__send__'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/notifications.rb:72:in `instrument'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/notifications.rb:48:in `__send__'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/notifications.rb:48:in `instrument'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/abstract_controller/logger.rb:36:in `process_action'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/rendering_controller.rb:12:in `process_action'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/benchmarking.rb:34:in `process_action'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/benchmark.rb:17:in `ms'
/home/rubys/.rvm/ruby-1.8.7-p174/lib/ruby/1.8/benchmark.rb:308:in `realtime'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/benchmark.rb:17:in `ms'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/benchmarking.rb:34:in `process_action'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/compatibility.rb:76:in `process_action'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/flash.rb:178:in `process_action'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/rescue.rb:8:in `process_action'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/abstract_controller/base.rb:95:in `process'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/filter_parameter_logging.rb:62:in `process'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal.rb:74:in `dispatch'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/rack_convenience.rb:15:in `dispatch'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal.rb:98:in `call'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/routing/route_set.rb:27:in `call'
/home/rubys/.rvm/gems/ruby/1.8.7/gems/rack-mount-0.3.2/lib/rack/mount/recognition/route_set.rb:71:in `call'
/home/rubys/.rvm/gems/ruby/1.8.7/gems/rack-mount-0.3.2/lib/rack/mount/recognition/code_generation.rb:76:in `recognize'
/home/rubys/.rvm/gems/ruby/1.8.7/gems/rack-mount-0.3.2/lib/rack/mount/recognition/code_generation.rb:60:in `optimized_each'
/home/rubys/.rvm/gems/ruby/1.8.7/gems/rack-mount-0.3.2/lib/rack/mount/recognition/code_generation.rb:75:in `recognize'
/home/rubys/.rvm/gems/ruby/1.8.7/gems/rack-mount-0.3.2/lib/rack/mount/recognition/route_set.rb:66:in `call'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/routing/route_set.rb:407:in `call'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/query_cache.rb:29:in `call'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/query_cache.rb:34:in `cache'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/query_cache.rb:9:in `cache'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/query_cache.rb:28:in `call'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:365:in `call'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/string_coercion.rb:25:in `call'
/home/rubys/git/rack/lib/rack/head.rb:9:in `call'
/home/rubys/git/rack/lib/rack/methodoverride.rb:24:in `call'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/params_parser.rb:19:in `call'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/session/cookie_store.rb:106:in `call'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/callbacks.rb:46:in `call'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:413:in `_run_call_callbacks'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:87:in `send'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:87:in `run_callbacks'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/callbacks.rb:44:in `call'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/show_exceptions.rb:44:in `call'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/static.rb:30:in `call'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/railties/lib/rails/application.rb:119:in `call'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/railties/lib/rails/application.rb:45:in `call'
/home/rubys/git/rack/lib/rack/builder.rb:77:in `call'
/home/rubys/git/rack/lib/rack/content_length.rb:13:in `call'
/home/rubys/git/rack/lib/rack/handler/webrick.rb:48:in `service'
/home/rubys/.rvm/ruby-1.8.7-p174/lib/ruby/1.8/webrick/httpserver.rb:104:in `service'
/home/rubys/.rvm/ruby-1.8.7-p174/lib/ruby/1.8/webrick/httpserver.rb:65:in `run'
/home/rubys/.rvm/ruby-1.8.7-p174/lib/ruby/1.8/webrick/server.rb:173:in `start_thread'
/home/rubys/.rvm/ruby-1.8.7-p174/lib/ruby/1.8/webrick/server.rb:162:in `start'
/home/rubys/.rvm/ruby-1.8.7-p174/lib/ruby/1.8/webrick/server.rb:162:in `start_thread'
/home/rubys/.rvm/ruby-1.8.7-p174/lib/ruby/1.8/webrick/server.rb:95:in `start'
/home/rubys/.rvm/ruby-1.8.7-p174/lib/ruby/1.8/webrick/server.rb:92:in `each'
/home/rubys/.rvm/ruby-1.8.7-p174/lib/ruby/1.8/webrick/server.rb:92:in `start'
/home/rubys/.rvm/ruby-1.8.7-p174/lib/ruby/1.8/webrick/server.rb:23:in `start'
/home/rubys/.rvm/ruby-1.8.7-p174/lib/ruby/1.8/webrick/server.rb:82:in `start'
/home/rubys/git/rack/lib/rack/handler/webrick.rb:14:in `run'
/home/rubys/git/gorp/lib/gorp.rb:592:in `restart_server'
makedepot.rb:176
makedepot.rb:2465

/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/base.rb:1610:in `find_one'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/base.rb:1593:in `find_from_ids'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/base.rb:649:in `find'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/app/controllers/carts_controller.rb:22:in `show'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/action_controller/base.rb:43:in `send_action'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/action_controller/base.rb:43:in `send_action'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/abstract_controller/base.rb:116:in `process_action'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/abstract_controller/callbacks.rb:18:in `process_action'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:432:in `_run__636904803__process_action__453433196__callbacks'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:402:in `send'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:402:in `_run_process_action_callbacks'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:87:in `send'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:87:in `run_callbacks'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/abstract_controller/callbacks.rb:17:in `process_action'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/abstract_controller/logger.rb:38:in `process_action'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/notifications/instrumenter.rb:14:in `instrument'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/notifications.rb:72:in `__send__'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/notifications.rb:72:in `instrument'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/notifications.rb:48:in `__send__'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/notifications.rb:48:in `instrument'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/abstract_controller/logger.rb:36:in `process_action'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/rendering_controller.rb:12:in `process_action'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/benchmarking.rb:34:in `process_action'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/benchmark.rb:17:in `ms'
/home/rubys/.rvm/ruby-1.8.7-p174/lib/ruby/1.8/benchmark.rb:308:in `realtime'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/benchmark.rb:17:in `ms'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/benchmarking.rb:34:in `process_action'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/compatibility.rb:76:in `process_action'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/flash.rb:178:in `process_action'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/rescue.rb:8:in `process_action'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/abstract_controller/base.rb:95:in `process'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/filter_parameter_logging.rb:62:in `process'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal.rb:74:in `dispatch'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/rack_convenience.rb:15:in `dispatch'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal.rb:98:in `call'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/routing/route_set.rb:27:in `call'
/home/rubys/.rvm/gems/ruby/1.8.7/gems/rack-mount-0.3.2/lib/rack/mount/recognition/route_set.rb:71:in `call'
/home/rubys/.rvm/gems/ruby/1.8.7/gems/rack-mount-0.3.2/lib/rack/mount/recognition/code_generation.rb:76:in `recognize'
/home/rubys/.rvm/gems/ruby/1.8.7/gems/rack-mount-0.3.2/lib/rack/mount/recognition/code_generation.rb:60:in `optimized_each'
/home/rubys/.rvm/gems/ruby/1.8.7/gems/rack-mount-0.3.2/lib/rack/mount/recognition/code_generation.rb:75:in `recognize'
/home/rubys/.rvm/gems/ruby/1.8.7/gems/rack-mount-0.3.2/lib/rack/mount/recognition/route_set.rb:66:in `call'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/routing/route_set.rb:407:in `call'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/query_cache.rb:29:in `call'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/query_cache.rb:34:in `cache'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/query_cache.rb:9:in `cache'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/query_cache.rb:28:in `call'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:365:in `call'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/string_coercion.rb:25:in `call'
/home/rubys/git/rack/lib/rack/head.rb:9:in `call'
/home/rubys/git/rack/lib/rack/methodoverride.rb:24:in `call'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/params_parser.rb:19:in `call'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/session/cookie_store.rb:106:in `call'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/callbacks.rb:46:in `call'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:413:in `_run_call_callbacks'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:87:in `send'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:87:in `run_callbacks'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/callbacks.rb:44:in `call'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/show_exceptions.rb:44:in `call'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/static.rb:30:in `call'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/railties/lib/rails/application.rb:119:in `call'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/railties/lib/rails/application.rb:45:in `call'
/home/rubys/git/rack/lib/rack/builder.rb:77:in `call'
/home/rubys/git/rack/lib/rack/content_length.rb:13:in `call'
/home/rubys/git/rack/lib/rack/handler/webrick.rb:48:in `service'
/home/rubys/.rvm/ruby-1.8.7-p174/lib/ruby/1.8/webrick/httpserver.rb:104:in `service'
/home/rubys/.rvm/ruby-1.8.7-p174/lib/ruby/1.8/webrick/httpserver.rb:65:in `run'
/home/rubys/.rvm/ruby-1.8.7-p174/lib/ruby/1.8/webrick/server.rb:173:in `start_thread'
/home/rubys/.rvm/ruby-1.8.7-p174/lib/ruby/1.8/webrick/server.rb:162:in `start'
/home/rubys/.rvm/ruby-1.8.7-p174/lib/ruby/1.8/webrick/server.rb:162:in `start_thread'
/home/rubys/.rvm/ruby-1.8.7-p174/lib/ruby/1.8/webrick/server.rb:95:in `start'
/home/rubys/.rvm/ruby-1.8.7-p174/lib/ruby/1.8/webrick/server.rb:92:in `each'
/home/rubys/.rvm/ruby-1.8.7-p174/lib/ruby/1.8/webrick/server.rb:92:in `start'
/home/rubys/.rvm/ruby-1.8.7-p174/lib/ruby/1.8/webrick/server.rb:23:in `start'
/home/rubys/.rvm/ruby-1.8.7-p174/lib/ruby/1.8/webrick/server.rb:82:in `start'
/home/rubys/git/rack/lib/rack/handler/webrick.rb:14:in `run'
/home/rubys/git/gorp/lib/gorp.rb:592:in `restart_server'
/home/rubys/git/gorp/lib/gorp.rb:699:in `call'
/home/rubys/git/gorp/lib/gorp.rb:699
/home/rubys/git/gorp/lib/gorp.rb:689:in `each'
/home/rubys/git/gorp/lib/gorp.rb:689
/home/rubys/.rvm/gems/ruby/1.8.7/gems/builder-2.1.2/lib/builder/xmlbase.rb:134:in `call'
/home/rubys/.rvm/gems/ruby/1.8.7/gems/builder-2.1.2/lib/builder/xmlbase.rb:134:in `_nested_structures'
/home/rubys/.rvm/gems/ruby/1.8.7/gems/builder-2.1.2/lib/builder/xmlbase.rb:58:in `method_missing'
/home/rubys/git/gorp/lib/gorp.rb:662
/home/rubys/.rvm/gems/ruby/1.8.7/gems/builder-2.1.2/lib/builder/xmlbase.rb:134:in `call'
/home/rubys/.rvm/gems/ruby/1.8.7/gems/builder-2.1.2/lib/builder/xmlbase.rb:134:in `_nested_structures'
/home/rubys/.rvm/gems/ruby/1.8.7/gems/builder-2.1.2/lib/builder/xmlbase.rb:58:in `method_missing'
/home/rubys/git/gorp/lib/gorp.rb:626

/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/base.rb:1610:in `find_one'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/base.rb:1593:in `find_from_ids'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/base.rb:649:in `find'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/app/controllers/carts_controller.rb:22:in `show'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/action_controller/base.rb:43:in `send_action'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/action_controller/base.rb:43:in `send_action'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/abstract_controller/base.rb:116:in `process_action'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/abstract_controller/callbacks.rb:18:in `process_action'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:432:in `_run__636904803__process_action__453433196__callbacks'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:402:in `send'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:402:in `_run_process_action_callbacks'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:87:in `send'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:87:in `run_callbacks'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/abstract_controller/callbacks.rb:17:in `process_action'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/abstract_controller/logger.rb:38:in `process_action'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/notifications/instrumenter.rb:14:in `instrument'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/notifications.rb:72:in `__send__'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/notifications.rb:72:in `instrument'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/notifications.rb:48:in `__send__'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/notifications.rb:48:in `instrument'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/abstract_controller/logger.rb:36:in `process_action'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/rendering_controller.rb:12:in `process_action'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/benchmarking.rb:34:in `process_action'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/benchmark.rb:17:in `ms'
/home/rubys/.rvm/ruby-1.8.7-p174/lib/ruby/1.8/benchmark.rb:308:in `realtime'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/benchmark.rb:17:in `ms'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/benchmarking.rb:34:in `process_action'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/compatibility.rb:76:in `process_action'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/flash.rb:178:in `process_action'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/rescue.rb:8:in `process_action'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/abstract_controller/base.rb:95:in `process'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/filter_parameter_logging.rb:62:in `process'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal.rb:74:in `dispatch'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/rack_convenience.rb:15:in `dispatch'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal.rb:98:in `call'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/routing/route_set.rb:27:in `call'
/home/rubys/.rvm/gems/ruby/1.8.7/gems/rack-mount-0.3.2/lib/rack/mount/recognition/route_set.rb:71:in `call'
/home/rubys/.rvm/gems/ruby/1.8.7/gems/rack-mount-0.3.2/lib/rack/mount/recognition/code_generation.rb:76:in `recognize'
/home/rubys/.rvm/gems/ruby/1.8.7/gems/rack-mount-0.3.2/lib/rack/mount/recognition/code_generation.rb:60:in `optimized_each'
/home/rubys/.rvm/gems/ruby/1.8.7/gems/rack-mount-0.3.2/lib/rack/mount/recognition/code_generation.rb:75:in `recognize'
/home/rubys/.rvm/gems/ruby/1.8.7/gems/rack-mount-0.3.2/lib/rack/mount/recognition/route_set.rb:66:in `call'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/routing/route_set.rb:407:in `call'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/query_cache.rb:29:in `call'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/query_cache.rb:34:in `cache'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/query_cache.rb:9:in `cache'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/query_cache.rb:28:in `call'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:365:in `call'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/string_coercion.rb:25:in `call'
/home/rubys/git/rack/lib/rack/head.rb:9:in `call'
/home/rubys/git/rack/lib/rack/methodoverride.rb:24:in `call'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/params_parser.rb:19:in `call'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/session/cookie_store.rb:106:in `call'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/callbacks.rb:46:in `call'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:413:in `_run_call_callbacks'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:87:in `send'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:87:in `run_callbacks'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/callbacks.rb:44:in `call'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/show_exceptions.rb:44:in `call'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/static.rb:30:in `call'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/railties/lib/rails/application.rb:119:in `call'
/home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/railties/lib/rails/application.rb:45:in `call'
/home/rubys/git/rack/lib/rack/builder.rb:77:in `call'
/home/rubys/git/rack/lib/rack/content_length.rb:13:in `call'
/home/rubys/git/rack/lib/rack/handler/webrick.rb:48:in `service'
/home/rubys/.rvm/ruby-1.8.7-p174/lib/ruby/1.8/webrick/httpserver.rb:104:in `service'
/home/rubys/.rvm/ruby-1.8.7-p174/lib/ruby/1.8/webrick/httpserver.rb:65:in `run'
/home/rubys/.rvm/ruby-1.8.7-p174/lib/ruby/1.8/webrick/server.rb:173:in `start_thread'
/home/rubys/.rvm/ruby-1.8.7-p174/lib/ruby/1.8/webrick/server.rb:162:in `start'
/home/rubys/.rvm/ruby-1.8.7-p174/lib/ruby/1.8/webrick/server.rb:162:in `start_thread'
/home/rubys/.rvm/ruby-1.8.7-p174/lib/ruby/1.8/webrick/server.rb:95:in `start'
/home/rubys/.rvm/ruby-1.8.7-p174/lib/ruby/1.8/webrick/server.rb:92:in `each'
/home/rubys/.rvm/ruby-1.8.7-p174/lib/ruby/1.8/webrick/server.rb:92:in `start'
/home/rubys/.rvm/ruby-1.8.7-p174/lib/ruby/1.8/webrick/server.rb:23:in `start'
/home/rubys/.rvm/ruby-1.8.7-p174/lib/ruby/1.8/webrick/server.rb:82:in `start'
/home/rubys/git/rack/lib/rack/handler/webrick.rb:14:in `run'
/home/rubys/git/gorp/lib/gorp.rb:592:in `restart_server'
makedepot.rb:176
/home/rubys/git/gorp/lib/gorp.rb:699:in `call'
/home/rubys/git/gorp/lib/gorp.rb:699
/home/rubys/git/gorp/lib/gorp.rb:689:in `each'
/home/rubys/git/gorp/lib/gorp.rb:689
/home/rubys/.rvm/gems/ruby/1.8.7/gems/builder-2.1.2/lib/builder/xmlbase.rb:134:in `call'
/home/rubys/.rvm/gems/ruby/1.8.7/gems/builder-2.1.2/lib/builder/xmlbase.rb:134:in `_nested_structures'
/home/rubys/.rvm/gems/ruby/1.8.7/gems/builder-2.1.2/lib/builder/xmlbase.rb:58:in `method_missing'
/home/rubys/git/gorp/lib/gorp.rb:662
/home/rubys/.rvm/gems/ruby/1.8.7/gems/builder-2.1.2/lib/builder/xmlbase.rb:134:in `call'
/home/rubys/.rvm/gems/ruby/1.8.7/gems/builder-2.1.2/lib/builder/xmlbase.rb:134:in `_nested_structures'
/home/rubys/.rvm/gems/ruby/1.8.7/gems/builder-2.1.2/lib/builder/xmlbase.rb:58:in `method_missing'
/home/rubys/git/gorp/lib/gorp.rb:626
makedepot.rb:2465

{"id"=>"wibble"}

None

Log errors and show them on the screen.

Rescue error: log, flash, and redirect.

edit app/controllers/carts_controller.rb

  # GET /carts/1

  # GET /carts/1.xml

  def show

    @cart = Cart.find(params[:id])

    respond_to do |format|

      format.html # show.html.erb

      format.xml  { render :xml => @cart }

    end

  rescue ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound

    logger.error("Attempt to access invalid cart #{params[:id]}")

    redirect_to({:controller => :store}, :notice => 'Invalid cart')

  end

Reproduce the error.

get /carts/wibble

get http://127.0.0.1:3000/store

Pragmatic Bookshelf

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Your Pragmatic Catalog

Pragmatic Project Automation

Pragmatic Project Automation shows you how to improve the consistency and repeatability of your project's procedures using automation to reduce risk and errors.

Simply put, we're going to put this thing called a computer to work for you doing the mundane (but important) project stuff. That means you'll have more time and energy to do the really exciting---and difficult---stuff, like writing quality code.

$29.95

Pragmatic Unit Testing (C#)

Pragmatic programmers use feedback to drive their development and personal processes. The most valuable feedback you can get while coding comes from unit testing.

Without good tests in place, coding can become a frustrating game of "whack-a-mole." That's the carnival game where the player strikes at a mechanical mole; it retreats and another mole pops up on the opposite side of the field. The moles pop up and down so fast that you end up flailing your mallet helplessly as the moles continue to pop up where you least expect them.

$27.75

Pragmatic Version Control

This book is a recipe-based approach to using Subversion that will get you up and running quickly---and correctly. All projects need version control: it's a foundational piece of any project's infrastructure. Yet half of all project teams in the U.S. don't use any version control at all. Many others don't use it well, and end up experiencing time-consuming problems.

$28.50

Inspect the log.

tail -25 log/development.log

  builder (2.1.2) lib/builder/xmlbase.rb:134:in `call'

  builder (2.1.2) lib/builder/xmlbase.rb:134:in `_nested_structures'

  builder (2.1.2) lib/builder/xmlbase.rb:58:in `method_missing'

  /home/rubys/git/gorp/lib/gorp.rb:626

  makedepot.rb:2465

Attempt to access invalid cart wibble

  *[4;36;1msql (0.0ms)*[0m   *[0;1mSELECT *

FROM "carts"

WHERE (("carts"."id" = 0))*[0m

Redirected to http://127.0.0.1:3000/store

Processing CartsController#show to */* (for ::ffff:127.0.0.1 at 2009-12-20 03:11:43) [GET]

Completed in 14ms (DB: 0) | 302 [unknown]

  Parameters: {"id"=>"wibble"}

Rendering app/views/store/index.html.erb

  *[4;35;1msql (0.0ms)*[0m   *[0mSELECT *

FROM "products"

ORDER BY title*[0m

Rendering template within app/views/layouts/store.html.erb

Processing StoreController#index to */* (for ::ffff:127.0.0.1 at 2009-12-20 03:11:43) [GET]

Completed in 33ms (View: 26, DB: 0) | 200 [unknown]

Update the store layout to include a flash message.

edit app/views/layouts/store.html.erb

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<head>

  <title>Pragprog Books Online Store</title>

  <%= stylesheet_link_tag "depot", :media => "all" %>

</head>

<body id="store">

  <div id="banner">

    <%= image_tag("logo.png") %>

    <%= @page_title || "Pragmatic Bookshelf" %>

  </div>

  <div id="columns">

    <div id="side">

      <a href="http://www....">Home</a><br />

      <a href="http://www..../faq">Questions</a><br />

      <a href="http://www..../news">News</a><br />

      <a href="http://www..../contact">Contact</a><br />

    </div>

    <div id="main">

      <% if flash[:notice] -%>

        <div id="notice"><%= flash[:notice] %></div>

      <% end -%>

      <%= yield %>

    </div>

  </div>

</body>

</html>

Update the css to place bold text in a red box.

edit public/stylesheets/depot.css

#notice {

  border: 2px solid red;

  padding: 1em;

  margin-bottom: 2em;

  background-color: #f0f0f0;

  font: bold smaller sans-serif;

}

Try one last time.

get /carts/wibble

get http://127.0.0.1:3000/store

Pragmatic Bookshelf

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Questions
News
Contact

Invalid cart

Your Pragmatic Catalog

Pragmatic Project Automation

Pragmatic Project Automation shows you how to improve the consistency and repeatability of your project's procedures using automation to reduce risk and errors.

Simply put, we're going to put this thing called a computer to work for you doing the mundane (but important) project stuff. That means you'll have more time and energy to do the really exciting---and difficult---stuff, like writing quality code.

$29.95

Pragmatic Unit Testing (C#)

Pragmatic programmers use feedback to drive their development and personal processes. The most valuable feedback you can get while coding comes from unit testing.

Without good tests in place, coding can become a frustrating game of "whack-a-mole." That's the carnival game where the player strikes at a mechanical mole; it retreats and another mole pops up on the opposite side of the field. The moles pop up and down so fast that you end up flailing your mallet helplessly as the moles continue to pop up where you least expect them.

$27.75

Pragmatic Version Control

This book is a recipe-based approach to using Subversion that will get you up and running quickly---and correctly. All projects need version control: it's a foundational piece of any project's infrastructure. Yet half of all project teams in the U.S. don't use any version control at all. Many others don't use it well, and end up experiencing time-consuming problems.

$28.50

pub depot_h

Add empty cart button, remove flash for line item create, add totals to view.

Add button to the view.

edit app/views/carts/show.html.erb

<h2>Your Pragmatic Cart</h2>

<ul>    

  <% for item in @cart.line_items %>

    <li><%= item.quantity %> &times; <%= item.product.title %></li>

  <% end %>

</ul>

<%= button_to 'Empty cart', @cart, :method => :delete,

    :confirm => 'Are you sure?' %>

Clear session and add flash notice when cart is destroyed.

edit app/controllers/carts_controller.rb

  # DELETE /carts/1

  # DELETE /carts/1.xml

  def destroy

    @cart = Cart.find(params[:id])

    @cart.destroy

    session[:cart_id] = nil

    respond_to do |format|

      format.html { redirect_to({:controller => :store}, :notice => 'Your cart is currently empty') }

      format.xml  { head :ok }

    end

  end

Try it out.

get /carts/1

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Your Pragmatic Cart

• 3 × Pragmatic Version Control
• 1 × Pragmatic Project Automation

post /carts/1

• _method => delete

get http://127.0.0.1:3000/store

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Your cart is currently empty

Your Pragmatic Catalog

Pragmatic Project Automation

Pragmatic Project Automation shows you how to improve the consistency and repeatability of your project's procedures using automation to reduce risk and errors.

Simply put, we're going to put this thing called a computer to work for you doing the mundane (but important) project stuff. That means you'll have more time and energy to do the really exciting---and difficult---stuff, like writing quality code.

$29.95

Pragmatic Unit Testing (C#)

Pragmatic programmers use feedback to drive their development and personal processes. The most valuable feedback you can get while coding comes from unit testing.

Without good tests in place, coding can become a frustrating game of "whack-a-mole." That's the carnival game where the player strikes at a mechanical mole; it retreats and another mole pops up on the opposite side of the field. The moles pop up and down so fast that you end up flailing your mallet helplessly as the moles continue to pop up where you least expect them.

$27.75

Pragmatic Version Control

This book is a recipe-based approach to using Subversion that will get you up and running quickly---and correctly. All projects need version control: it's a foundational piece of any project's infrastructure. Yet half of all project teams in the U.S. don't use any version control at all. Many others don't use it well, and end up experiencing time-consuming problems.

$28.50

pub depot_h

Remove scaffolding generated flash notice for line item create.

edit app/controllers/line_items_controller.rb

  # POST /line_items

  # POST /line_items.xml

  def create

    @line_item = find_cart.add_product(params[:product_id])

    respond_to do |format|

      if @line_item.save

        format.html { redirect_to(@line_item.cart) }

        format.xml  { render :xml => @line_item, :status => :created, :location => @line_item }

      else

        format.html { render :action => "new" }

        format.xml  { render :xml => @line_item.errors, :status => :unprocessable_entity }

      end

    end

  end

Update the view to add totals.

edit app/views/carts/show.html.erb

<div class="cart_title">Your Cart</div>

<table>

  <% for item in @cart.line_items %>

    <tr>

      <td><%= item.quantity %>&times;</td>

      <td><%= item.product.title %></td>

      <td class="item_price"><%= number_to_currency(item.total_price) %></td>

    </tr>

  <% end %>  

  <tr class="total_line">

    <td colspan="2">Total</td>

    <td class="total_cell"><%= number_to_currency(@cart.total_price) %></td>

  </tr>

</table>

<%= button_to 'Empty cart', @cart, :method => :delete,

    :confirm => 'Are you sure?' %>

Add a method to compute the total price of a single line item.

edit app/models/line_item.rb

Add a method to compute the total price of the items in the cart.

edit app/models/cart.rb

  def total_price

    @line_items.to_a.sum { |item| item.total_price }

  end

Add some style.

edit public/stylesheets/depot.css

/* Styles for the cart in the main page */

.cart-title {

  font: 120% bold;

}

.item-price, .total-line {

  text-align: right;

}

.total-line .total-cell {

  font-weight: bold;

  border-top: 1px solid #595;

}

Add a product to the cart, and see the total.

get /store

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Your Pragmatic Catalog

Pragmatic Project Automation

Pragmatic Project Automation shows you how to improve the consistency and repeatability of your project's procedures using automation to reduce risk and errors.

Simply put, we're going to put this thing called a computer to work for you doing the mundane (but important) project stuff. That means you'll have more time and energy to do the really exciting---and difficult---stuff, like writing quality code.

$29.95

Pragmatic Unit Testing (C#)

Pragmatic programmers use feedback to drive their development and personal processes. The most valuable feedback you can get while coding comes from unit testing.

Without good tests in place, coding can become a frustrating game of "whack-a-mole." That's the carnival game where the player strikes at a mechanical mole; it retreats and another mole pops up on the opposite side of the field. The moles pop up and down so fast that you end up flailing your mallet helplessly as the moles continue to pop up where you least expect them.

$27.75

Pragmatic Version Control

This book is a recipe-based approach to using Subversion that will get you up and running quickly---and correctly. All projects need version control: it's a foundational piece of any project's infrastructure. Yet half of all project teams in the U.S. don't use any version control at all. Many others don't use it well, and end up experiencing time-consuming problems.

$28.50

post /line_items?product_id=1

• product_id => 1

get http://127.0.0.1:3000/carts/2

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Your Cart

1×	Pragmatic Project Automation	$29.95
Total		$29.95

Add a few more products, and watch the totals climb!

post /line_items?product_id=1

• product_id => 1

get http://127.0.0.1:3000/carts/2

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Your Cart

2×	Pragmatic Project Automation	$59.90
Total		$59.90

post /line_items?product_id=2

• product_id => 2

get http://127.0.0.1:3000/carts/2

Pragmatic Bookshelf

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Your Cart

2×	Pragmatic Project Automation	$59.90
1×	Pragmatic Version Control	$28.50
Total		$88.40

pub depot_i

Once again, get the tests working, and also build a migration to combine (and separate) line items in a cart.

See that the tests fail.

rake test

(in /home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot)

DEPRECATION WARNING: ActiveSupport::DeprecatedCallbacks has been deprecated in favor of ActiveSupport::Callbacks. (called from included at /home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/testing/setup_and_teardown.rb:7)

Loaded suite /home/rubys/.rvm/gems/ruby/1.8.7/gems/rake-0.8.7/lib/rake/rake_test_loader

Started

.......

Finished in 0.21151 seconds.

7 tests, 25 assertions, 0 failures, 0 errors

DEPRECATION WARNING: ActiveSupport::DeprecatedCallbacks has been deprecated in favor of ActiveSupport::Callbacks. (called from included at /home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/testing/setup_and_teardown.rb:7)

Loaded suite /home/rubys/.rvm/gems/ruby/1.8.7/gems/rake-0.8.7/lib/rake/rake_test_loader

Started

.F.....F..............

Finished in 1.968497 seconds.

  1) Failure:

test_should_destroy_cart(CartsControllerTest) [/test/functional/carts_controller_test.rb:43]:

Expected response to be a redirect to <http://test.host/carts> but was a redirect to <http://test.host/store>.

  2) Failure:

test_should_create_line_item(LineItemsControllerTest) [/test/functional/line_items_controller_test.rb:20]:

Expected response to be a redirect to <http://test.host/line_items/2053932786> but was a redirect to <http://test.host/carts/2053932786>.

22 tests, 40 assertions, 2 failures, 0 errors

Errors running test:functionals!

Substitute names of products and carts for numbers

edit test/fixtures/line_items.yml

# Read about fixtures at http://ar.rubyonrails.org/classes/Fixtures.html

one:

  product_id: one

  cart_id: one

two:

  product_id: one

  cart_id: one

Update expected target of redirect: Cart#destroy.

edit test/functional/carts_controller_test.rb

  test "should destroy cart" do

    assert_difference('Cart.count', -1) do

      delete :destroy, :id => carts(:one).to_param

    end

    assert_redirected_to :controller => :store

  end

Update expected target of redirect: LineItem#create.

edit test/functional/line_items_controller_test.rb

  test "should create line_item" do

    assert_difference('LineItem.count') do

      post :create, :line_item => { }

    end

    assert_redirected_to cart_path(LineItem.last.cart_id)

  end

Verify that the tests now pass.

rake test

(in /home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot)

DEPRECATION WARNING: ActiveSupport::DeprecatedCallbacks has been deprecated in favor of ActiveSupport::Callbacks. (called from included at /home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/testing/setup_and_teardown.rb:7)

Loaded suite /home/rubys/.rvm/gems/ruby/1.8.7/gems/rake-0.8.7/lib/rake/rake_test_loader

Started

.......

Finished in 0.20842 seconds.

7 tests, 25 assertions, 0 failures, 0 errors

DEPRECATION WARNING: ActiveSupport::DeprecatedCallbacks has been deprecated in favor of ActiveSupport::Callbacks. (called from included at /home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot/vendor/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/testing/setup_and_teardown.rb:7)

Loaded suite /home/rubys/.rvm/gems/ruby/1.8.7/gems/rake-0.8.7/lib/rake/rake_test_loader

Started

......................

Finished in 0.500283 seconds.

22 tests, 38 assertions, 0 failures, 0 errors

Refactor the cart view into partials, and reference the result from the layout.

Create a "partial" view, for just one line item

edit app/views/carts/_line_item.html.erb

<tr>

  <td><%= line_item.quantity %>&times;</td>

  <td><%= line_item.product.title %></td>

  <td class="item_price"><%= number_to_currency(line_item.total_price) %></td>

</tr>

Replace that portion of the view with a callout to the partial

edit app/views/carts/show.html.erb

<div class="cart_title">Your Cart</div>

<table>

  <%= render(:partial => "line_item", :collection => @cart.line_items) if @cart %>  

  <tr class="total_line">

    <td colspan="2">Total</td>

    <td class="total_cell"><%= number_to_currency(@cart.total_price) %></td>

  </tr>

</table>

<%= button_to 'Empty cart', @cart, :method => :delete,

    :confirm => 'Are you sure?' %>

Make a copy as a partial for the store controller

cp app/views/carts/show.html.erb app/views/store/_cart.html.erb

Modify the copy to reference the (sub)partial and take input from @cart

edit app/views/store/_cart.html.erb

<div class="cart_title">Your Cart</div>

<table>

  <%= render(:partial => "carts/line_item", :collection => cart.line_items) if cart %>  

  <tr class="total_line">

    <td colspan="2">Total</td>

    <td class="total_cell"><%= number_to_currency(cart.total_price) %></td>

  </tr>

</table>

<%= button_to 'Empty cart', cart, :method => :delete,

    :confirm => 'Are you sure?' %>

Insert a call in the controller to find the cart

edit app/controllers/store_controller.rb

  def index

    @products = Product.all

    @cart = find_cart

  end

Reference the partial from the layout.

edit app/views/layouts/store.html.erb

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<head>

  <title>Pragprog Books Online Store</title>

  <%= stylesheet_link_tag "depot", :media => "all" %>

</head>

<body id="store">

  <div id="banner">

    <%= image_tag("logo.png") %>

    <%= @page_title || "Pragmatic Bookshelf" %>

  </div>

  <div id="columns">

    <div id="side">

      <div id="cart">

        <%= render(:partial => "store/cart", :object => @cart) %>

      </div>

      <a href="http://www....">Home</a><br />

      <a href="http://www..../faq">Questions</a><br />

      <a href="http://www..../news">News</a><br />

      <a href="http://www..../contact">Contact</a><br />

    </div>

    <div id="main">

      <% if flash[:notice] -%>

        <div id="notice"><%= flash[:notice] %></div>

      <% end -%>

      <%= yield %>

    </div>

  </div>

</body>

</html>

Add a small bit of style.

edit public/stylesheets/depot.css

/* Styles for the cart in the sidebar */

#cart, #cart table {

  font-size: smaller;

  color:     white;

}

#cart table {

  border-top:    1px dotted #595;

  border-bottom: 1px dotted #595;

  margin-bottom: 10px;

}

pub depot_j

Change the redirect to be back to the store.

edit app/controllers/line_items_controller.rb

  # POST /line_items

  # POST /line_items.xml

  def create

    @line_item = find_cart.add_product(params[:product_id])

    respond_to do |format|

      if @line_item.save

        format.html { redirect_to(:controller => :store) }

        format.xml  { render :xml => @line_item, :status => :created, :location => @line_item }

      else

        format.html { render :action => "new" }

        format.xml  { render :xml => @line_item.errors, :status => :unprocessable_entity }

      end

    end

  end

Purchase another product.

get /store

Pragmatic Bookshelf

Your Cart

2×	Pragmatic Project Automation	$59.90
1×	Pragmatic Version Control	$28.50
Total		$88.40

Home
Questions
News
Contact

Your Pragmatic Catalog

Pragmatic Project Automation

Pragmatic Project Automation shows you how to improve the consistency and repeatability of your project's procedures using automation to reduce risk and errors.

Simply put, we're going to put this thing called a computer to work for you doing the mundane (but important) project stuff. That means you'll have more time and energy to do the really exciting---and difficult---stuff, like writing quality code.

$29.95

Pragmatic Unit Testing (C#)

Pragmatic programmers use feedback to drive their development and personal processes. The most valuable feedback you can get while coding comes from unit testing.

Without good tests in place, coding can become a frustrating game of "whack-a-mole." That's the carnival game where the player strikes at a mechanical mole; it retreats and another mole pops up on the opposite side of the field. The moles pop up and down so fast that you end up flailing your mallet helplessly as the moles continue to pop up where you least expect them.

$27.75

Pragmatic Version Control

This book is a recipe-based approach to using Subversion that will get you up and running quickly---and correctly. All projects need version control: it's a foundational piece of any project's infrastructure. Yet half of all project teams in the U.S. don't use any version control at all. Many others don't use it well, and end up experiencing time-consuming problems.

$28.50

post /line_items?product_id=2

• product_id => 2

get http://127.0.0.1:3000/store

Pragmatic Bookshelf

Your Cart

2×	Pragmatic Project Automation	$59.90
2×	Pragmatic Version Control	$57.00
Total		$116.90

Home
Questions
News
Contact

Your Pragmatic Catalog

Pragmatic Project Automation

Pragmatic Project Automation shows you how to improve the consistency and repeatability of your project's procedures using automation to reduce risk and errors.

Simply put, we're going to put this thing called a computer to work for you doing the mundane (but important) project stuff. That means you'll have more time and energy to do the really exciting---and difficult---stuff, like writing quality code.

$29.95

Pragmatic Unit Testing (C#)

Pragmatic programmers use feedback to drive their development and personal processes. The most valuable feedback you can get while coding comes from unit testing.

Without good tests in place, coding can become a frustrating game of "whack-a-mole." That's the carnival game where the player strikes at a mechanical mole; it retreats and another mole pops up on the opposite side of the field. The moles pop up and down so fast that you end up flailing your mallet helplessly as the moles continue to pop up where you least expect them.

$27.75

Pragmatic Version Control

This book is a recipe-based approach to using Subversion that will get you up and running quickly---and correctly. All projects need version control: it's a foundational piece of any project's infrastructure. Yet half of all project teams in the U.S. don't use any version control at all. Many others don't use it well, and end up experiencing time-consuming problems.

$28.50

pub depot_k

edit app/views/store/index.html.erb

    <% form_remote_tag :url => { :controller => 'line_items', :action => 'create', :id => product } do %>

      <%= submit_tag "Add to Cart" %>

    <% end %>

edit app/views/layouts/store.html.erb

<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<head>

  <title>Pragprog Books Online Store</title>

  <%= stylesheet_link_tag "depot", :media => "all" %>

  <%= javascript_include_tag :defaults %>

</head>

edit app/controllers/line_items_controller.rb

  # POST /line_items

  # POST /line_items.xml

  def create

    @line_item = find_cart.add_product(params[:product_id])

    respond_to do |format|

      if @line_item.save

        format.html { redirect_to(:controller => :store) }

        format.js

        format.xml  { render :xml => @line_item, :status => :created, :location => @line_item }

      else

        format.html { render :action => "new" }

        format.xml  { render :xml => @line_item.errors, :status => :unprocessable_entity }

      end

    end

  end

edit app/views/line_items/new.js.rjs

page.replace_html("cart", :partial => "cart", :object => @cart)

pub depot_l

edit app/controllers/line_items_controller.rb

edit app/views/carts/_line_item.html.erb

<% if line_item == @current_item %>

  <tr id="current_item">

<% else %>

  <tr>

<% end %>

  <td><%= line_item.quantity %>&times;</td>

  <td><%= line_item.product.title %></td>

  <td class="item_price"><%= number_to_currency(line_item.total_price) %></td>

</tr>

edit app/views/store/add_to_cart.js.rjs

page[:current_item].visual_effect :highlight,

                                  :startcolor => "#88ff88",

                                  :endcolor => "#114411"

pub depot_m

edit app/views/store/add_to_cart.js.rjs

page[:cart].visual_effect :blind_down if @cart.line_items.count == 1

page[:current_item].visual_effect :highlight,

                                  :startcolor => "#88ff88",

                                  :endcolor => "#114411"

edit app/models/cart.rb

class Cart < ActiveRecord::Base

  has_many :line_items, :dependent=>:destroy

  def add_product(product_id)

    current_item = line_items.find_by_product_id(product_id)

    if current_item

      current_item.quantity += 1

    else

      current_item = LineItem.new(:product_id=>product_id)

      line_items << current_item

    end

    current_item

  end

  def total_price

    @line_items.to_a.sum { |item| item.total_price }

  end

  def total_items

    @line_items.sum(:quantity)

  end

end

ls -p app

controllers/

helpers/

models/

views/

ls -p app/helpers

application_helper.rb

carts_helper.rb

line_items_helper.rb

products_helper.rb

store_helper.rb

edit app/views/layouts/store.html.erb

      <% hidden_div_if(@cart.line_items.empty?, :id => "cart") do %>

        <%= render(:partial => "store/cart", :object => @cart) %>

      <% end %>

edit app/helpers/store_helper.rb

module StoreHelper

  def hidden_div_if(condition, attributes = {}, &block)

    if condition

      attributes["style"] = "display: none"

    end

    content_tag("div", attributes, &block)

  end

end

edit app/controllers/carts_controller.rb

#<IndexError: regexp not matched>
  makedepot.rb:1254:in `[]='
  makedepot.rb:1254
  /home/rubys/git/gorp/lib/gorp.rb:211:in `edit'
  makedepot.rb:1252
  /home/rubys/git/gorp/lib/gorp.rb:699:in `call'
  /home/rubys/git/gorp/lib/gorp.rb:699
  /home/rubys/git/gorp/lib/gorp.rb:689:in `each'
  /home/rubys/git/gorp/lib/gorp.rb:689
  /home/rubys/.rvm/gems/ruby/1.8.7/gems/builder-2.1.2/lib/builder/xmlbase.rb:134:in `call'
  /home/rubys/.rvm/gems/ruby/1.8.7/gems/builder-2.1.2/lib/builder/xmlbase.rb:134:in `_nested_structures'
  /home/rubys/.rvm/gems/ruby/1.8.7/gems/builder-2.1.2/lib/builder/xmlbase.rb:58:in `method_missing'
  /home/rubys/git/gorp/lib/gorp.rb:662
  /home/rubys/.rvm/gems/ruby/1.8.7/gems/builder-2.1.2/lib/builder/xmlbase.rb:134:in `call'
  /home/rubys/.rvm/gems/ruby/1.8.7/gems/builder-2.1.2/lib/builder/xmlbase.rb:134:in `_nested_structures'
  /home/rubys/.rvm/gems/ruby/1.8.7/gems/builder-2.1.2/lib/builder/xmlbase.rb:58:in `method_missing'
  /home/rubys/git/gorp/lib/gorp.rb:626
  makedepot.rb:2465
    

class CartsController < ApplicationController

  layout 'store'

  # ...

  # GET /carts

  # GET /carts.xml

  def index

    @carts = Cart.all

    respond_to do |format|

      format.html # index.html.erb

      format.xml  { render :xml => @carts }

    end

  end

  # GET /carts/1

  # GET /carts/1.xml

  def show

    @cart = Cart.find(params[:id])

    respond_to do |format|

      format.html # show.html.erb

      format.xml  { render :xml => @cart }

    end

  rescue ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound

    logger.error("Attempt to access invalid cart #{params[:id]}")

    redirect_to({:controller => :store}, :notice => 'Invalid cart')

  end

  # GET /carts/new

  # GET /carts/new.xml

  def new

    @cart = Cart.new

    respond_to do |format|

      format.html # new.html.erb

      format.xml  { render :xml => @cart }

    end

  end

  # GET /carts/1/edit

  def edit

    @cart = Cart.find(params[:id])

  end

  # POST /carts

  # POST /carts.xml

  def create

    @cart = Cart.new(params[:cart])

    respond_to do |format|

      if @cart.save

        format.html { redirect_to(@cart, :notice => 'Cart was successfully created.') }

        format.xml  { render :xml => @cart, :status => :created, :location => @cart }

      else

        format.html { render :action => "new" }

        format.xml  { render :xml => @cart.errors, :status => :unprocessable_entity }

      end

    end

  end

  # PUT /carts/1

  # PUT /carts/1.xml

  def update

    @cart = Cart.find(params[:id])

    respond_to do |format|

      if @cart.update_attributes(params[:cart])

        format.html { redirect_to(@cart, :notice => 'Cart was successfully updated.') }

        format.xml  { head :ok }

      else

        format.html { render :action => "edit" }

        format.xml  { render :xml => @cart.errors, :status => :unprocessable_entity }

      end

    end

  end

  # DELETE /carts/1

  # DELETE /carts/1.xml

  def destroy

    @cart = Cart.find(params[:id])

    @cart.destroy

    session[:cart_id] = nil

    respond_to do |format|

      format.html { redirect_to({:controller => :store}, :notice => 'Your cart is currently empty') }

      format.xml  { head :ok }

    end

  end

end

pub depot_n

get /carts/2

Pragmatic Bookshelf

Your Cart

2×	Pragmatic Project Automation	$59.90
2×	Pragmatic Version Control	$57.00
Total		$116.90

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Your Cart

2×	Pragmatic Project Automation	$59.90
2×	Pragmatic Version Control	$57.00
Total		$116.90

post /carts/2

• _method => delete

get http://127.0.0.1:3000/store

Pragmatic Bookshelf

Your Cart

Total

$0.00

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Your Pragmatic Catalog

Pragmatic Project Automation

Pragmatic Project Automation shows you how to improve the consistency and repeatability of your project's procedures using automation to reduce risk and errors.

Simply put, we're going to put this thing called a computer to work for you doing the mundane (but important) project stuff. That means you'll have more time and energy to do the really exciting---and difficult---stuff, like writing quality code.

$29.95

Pragmatic Unit Testing (C#)

Pragmatic programmers use feedback to drive their development and personal processes. The most valuable feedback you can get while coding comes from unit testing.

Without good tests in place, coding can become a frustrating game of "whack-a-mole." That's the carnival game where the player strikes at a mechanical mole; it retreats and another mole pops up on the opposite side of the field. The moles pop up and down so fast that you end up flailing your mallet helplessly as the moles continue to pop up where you least expect them.

$27.75

Pragmatic Version Control

This book is a recipe-based approach to using Subversion that will get you up and running quickly---and correctly. All projects need version control: it's a foundational piece of any project's infrastructure. Yet half of all project teams in the U.S. don't use any version control at all. Many others don't use it well, and end up experiencing time-consuming problems.

$28.50

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Your Pragmatic Catalog

Pragmatic Project Automation

Pragmatic Project Automation shows you how to improve the consistency and repeatability of your project's procedures using automation to reduce risk and errors.

Simply put, we're going to put this thing called a computer to work for you doing the mundane (but important) project stuff. That means you'll have more time and energy to do the really exciting---and difficult---stuff, like writing quality code.

$29.95

Pragmatic Unit Testing (C#)

Pragmatic programmers use feedback to drive their development and personal processes. The most valuable feedback you can get while coding comes from unit testing.

Without good tests in place, coding can become a frustrating game of "whack-a-mole." That's the carnival game where the player strikes at a mechanical mole; it retreats and another mole pops up on the opposite side of the field. The moles pop up and down so fast that you end up flailing your mallet helplessly as the moles continue to pop up where you least expect them.

$27.75

Pragmatic Version Control

This book is a recipe-based approach to using Subversion that will get you up and running quickly---and correctly. All projects need version control: it's a foundational piece of any project's infrastructure. Yet half of all project teams in the U.S. don't use any version control at all. Many others don't use it well, and end up experiencing time-consuming problems.

$28.50

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Home
Questions
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Your Pragmatic Catalog

Pragmatic Project Automation

Pragmatic Project Automation shows you how to improve the consistency and repeatability of your project's procedures using automation to reduce risk and errors.

Simply put, we're going to put this thing called a computer to work for you doing the mundane (but important) project stuff. That means you'll have more time and energy to do the really exciting---and difficult---stuff, like writing quality code.

$29.95

Pragmatic Unit Testing (C#)

Pragmatic programmers use feedback to drive their development and personal processes. The most valuable feedback you can get while coding comes from unit testing.

Without good tests in place, coding can become a frustrating game of "whack-a-mole." That's the carnival game where the player strikes at a mechanical mole; it retreats and another mole pops up on the opposite side of the field. The moles pop up and down so fast that you end up flailing your mallet helplessly as the moles continue to pop up where you least expect them.

$27.75

Pragmatic Version Control

This book is a recipe-based approach to using Subversion that will get you up and running quickly---and correctly. All projects need version control: it's a foundational piece of any project's infrastructure. Yet half of all project teams in the U.S. don't use any version control at all. Many others don't use it well, and end up experiencing time-consuming problems.

$28.50

pub depot_o

Sun, 20 Dec 2009 08:12:06 GMT

/home/rubys/.rvm/ruby-1.8.7-p174/bin/ruby -v

ruby 1.8.7 (2009-06-12 patchlevel 174) [i686-linux]

gem -v

1.3.5

gem list

abstract (1.0.0)

builder (2.1.2)

erubis (2.6.5)

gemcutter (0.2.1, 0.1.8, 0.1.7, 0.1.6)

gorp (0.13.0, 0.11.0, 0.10.1, 0.10.0, 0.9.0, 0.8.2, 0.7.2)

htmlentities (4.2.0)

json_pure (1.2.0, 1.1.9)

net-scp (1.0.2)

net-ssh (2.0.17, 2.0.16, 2.0.15)

rack (1.0.1)

rack-mount (0.3.2, 0.3.0, 0.2.3, 0.2.0)

rack-test (0.5.3, 0.5.2, 0.5.1)

rake (0.8.7)

rdoc (2.4.3)

sqlite3-ruby (1.2.5)

tzinfo (0.3.15)

will_paginate (2.3.11)

echo $RUBYLIB | sed "s/:/\n/g"

/home/rubys/git/gorp/lib

/home/rubys/git/arel/lib

/home/rubys/git/rack/lib

ruby /home/rubys/git/rails/railties/bin/rails -v

Rails 3.0.pre

git log -1

commit 2419fae092ec207185f9ed69c2aa1ba1cd53fffe    

Author: Joshua Peek <josh@joshpeek.com>

Date:   Thu Dec 17 22:10:06 2009 -0600

    Pending tests for AD Response

None!