Agile Web Development with Rails, Edition 4

Agile Web Development with Rails, Edition 4

Table of Contents

6.1 Iteration A1: Creating the Products Maintenance Application

This section mostly covers database configuration options for those users that insist on using MySQL. SQLite3 users will skip most of it.

Create the application.

ruby -rubygems /home/rubys/git/rails/bin/rails new depot
      create  
      create  README
      create  Rakefile
      create  config.ru
      create  .gitignore
      create  Gemfile
      create  app
      create  app/controllers/application_controller.rb
      create  app/helpers/application_helper.rb
      create  app/mailers
      create  app/models
      create  app/views/layouts/application.html.erb
      create  config
      create  config/routes.rb
      create  config/application.rb
      create  config/environment.rb
      create  config/environments
      create  config/environments/development.rb
      create  config/environments/production.rb
      create  config/environments/test.rb
      create  config/initializers
      create  config/initializers/backtrace_silencers.rb
      create  config/initializers/inflections.rb
      create  config/initializers/mime_types.rb
      create  config/initializers/secret_token.rb
      create  config/initializers/session_store.rb
      create  config/locales
      create  config/locales/en.yml
      create  config/boot.rb
      create  config/database.yml
      create  db
      create  db/seeds.rb
      create  doc
      create  doc/README_FOR_APP
      create  lib
      create  lib/tasks
      create  lib/tasks/.gitkeep
      create  log
      create  log/server.log
      create  log/production.log
      create  log/development.log
      create  log/test.log
      create  public
      create  public/404.html
      create  public/422.html
      create  public/500.html
      create  public/favicon.ico
      create  public/index.html
      create  public/robots.txt
      create  public/images
      create  public/images/rails.png
      create  public/stylesheets
      create  public/stylesheets/.gitkeep
      create  public/javascripts
      create  public/javascripts/prototype.js
      create  public/javascripts/rails.js
      create  public/javascripts/application.js
      create  script
      create  script/rails
      create  test
      create  test/fixtures
      create  test/functional
      create  test/integration
      create  test/performance/browsing_test.rb
      create  test/test_helper.rb
      create  test/unit
      create  tmp
      create  tmp/sessions
      create  tmp/sockets
      create  tmp/cache
      create  tmp/pids
      create  vendor/plugins
      create  vendor/plugins/.gitkeep
bundle install
Using rake (0.8.7) 
Using abstract (1.0.0) 
Using activesupport (3.1.0.beta) from source at /home/rubys/git/rails 
Using builder (3.0.0) 
Using i18n (0.5.0) 
Using activemodel (3.1.0.beta) from source at /home/rubys/git/rails 
Using erubis (2.6.6) 
Using rack (1.2.1) from source at /home/rubys/git/rack 
Using rack-cache (0.5.3) 
Using rack-mount (0.6.13) 
Using rack-test (0.5.6) 
Using tzinfo (0.3.23) 
Using actionpack (3.1.0.beta) from source at /home/rubys/git/rails 
Using mime-types (1.16) 
Using polyglot (0.3.1) 
Using treetop (1.4.9) 
Using mail (2.2.12) 
Using actionmailer (3.1.0.beta) from source at /home/rubys/git/rails 
Using arel (2.0.7.beta.20101201093009) from source at /home/rubys/git/arel 
Using activerecord (3.1.0.beta) from source at /home/rubys/git/rails 
Using activeresource (3.1.0.beta) from source at /home/rubys/git/rails 
Using bundler (1.0.7) 
Using thor (0.14.6) 
Using railties (3.1.0.beta) from source at /home/rubys/git/rails 
Using rails (3.1.0.beta) from source at /home/rubys/git/rails 
Using sqlite3-ruby (1.3.2) 
Your bundle is complete! Use `bundle show [gemname]` to see where a bundled gem is installed.

Look at the files created.

ls -p
app/	 config.ru  doc/     Gemfile.lock  log/     Rakefile  script/  tmp/
config/  db/	    Gemfile  lib/	   public/  README    test/    vendor/

Database configuration options (generally not required for sqlite3)

cat config/database.yml
# SQLite version 3.x
#   gem install sqlite3-ruby (not necessary on OS X Leopard)
development:
  adapter: sqlite3
  database: db/development.sqlite3
  pool: 5
  timeout: 5000
 
# Warning: The database defined as "test" will be erased and
# re-generated from your development database when you run "rake".
# Do not set this db to the same as development or production.
test:
  adapter: sqlite3
  database: db/test.sqlite3
  pool: 5
  timeout: 5000
 
production:
  adapter: sqlite3
  database: db/production.sqlite3
  pool: 5
  timeout: 5000

Generate scaffolding for a real model, modify a template, and do our first bit of data entry.

Generating our first model and associated scaffolding

rails generate scaffold Product title:string description:text image_url:string price:decimal
      invoke  active_record
      create    db/migrate/20101208005541_create_products.rb
      create    app/models/product.rb
      invoke    test_unit
      create      test/unit/product_test.rb
      create      test/fixtures/products.yml
       route  resources :products
      invoke  scaffold_controller
      create    app/controllers/products_controller.rb
      invoke    erb
      create      app/views/products
      create      app/views/products/index.html.erb
      create      app/views/products/edit.html.erb
      create      app/views/products/show.html.erb
      create      app/views/products/new.html.erb
      create      app/views/products/_form.html.erb
      invoke    test_unit
      create      test/functional/products_controller_test.rb
      invoke    helper
      create      app/helpers/products_helper.rb
      invoke      test_unit
      create        test/unit/helpers/products_helper_test.rb
      invoke  stylesheets
      create    public/stylesheets/scaffold.css

Break lines for formatting reasons

edit app/controllers/products_controller.rb
class ProductsController < ApplicationController
  # GET /products
  # GET /products.xml
  def index
    @products = Product.all
 
    respond_to do |format|
      format.html # index.html.erb
      format.xml  { render :xml => @products }
    end
  end
 
  # GET /products/1
  # GET /products/1.xml
  def show
    @product = Product.find(params[:id])
 
    respond_to do |format|
      format.html # show.html.erb
      format.xml  { render :xml => @product }
    end
  end
 
  # GET /products/new
  # GET /products/new.xml
  def new
    @product = Product.new
 
    respond_to do |format|
      format.html # new.html.erb
      format.xml  { render :xml => @product }
    end
  end
 
  # GET /products/1/edit
  def edit
    @product = Product.find(params[:id])
  end
 
  # POST /products
  # POST /products.xml
  def create
    @product = Product.new(params[:product])
 
    respond_to do |format|
      if @product.save
        format.html { redirect_to(@product,
          :notice => 'Product was successfully created.') }
        format.xml  { render :xml => @product, :status => :created,
          :location => @product }
      else
        format.html { render :action => "new" }
        format.xml  { render :xml => @product.errors,
          :status => :unprocessable_entity }
      end
    end
  end
 
  # PUT /products/1
  # PUT /products/1.xml
  def update
    @product = Product.find(params[:id])
 
    respond_to do |format|
      if @product.update_attributes(params[:product])
        format.html { redirect_to(@product,
          :notice => 'Product was successfully updated.') }
        format.xml  { head :ok }
      else
        format.html { render :action => "edit" }
        format.xml  { render :xml => @product.errors,
          :status => :unprocessable_entity }
      end
    end
  end
 
  # DELETE /products/1
  # DELETE /products/1.xml
  def destroy
    @product = Product.find(params[:id])
    @product.destroy
 
    respond_to do |format|
      format.html { redirect_to(products_url) }
      format.xml  { head :ok }
    end
  end
end
edit app/views/products/index.html.erb
<h1>Listing products</h1>
 
<table>
  <tr>
    <th>Title</th>
    <th>Description</th>
    <th>Image url</th>
    <th>Price</th>
    <th></th>
    <th></th>
    <th></th>
  </tr>
 
<% @products.each do |product| %>
  <tr>
    <td><%= product.title %></td>
    <td><%= product.description %></td>
    <td><%= product.image_url %></td>
    <td><%= product.price %></td>
    <td><%= link_to 'Show', product %></td>
    <td><%= link_to 'Edit', edit_product_path(product) %></td>
    <td><%= link_to 'Destroy', product, :confirm => 'Are you sure?',
            :method => :delete %></td>
  </tr>
<% end %>
</table>
 
<br />
 
<%= link_to 'New Product', new_product_path %>

Start the server.

Add precision and scale to the price

edit db/migrate/20101208005541_create_products.rb
class CreateProducts < ActiveRecord::Migration
  def up
    create_table :products do |t|
      t.string :title
      t.text :description
      t.string :image_url
      t.decimal :price, :precision => 8, :scale => 2
 
      t.timestamps
    end
  end
 
  def down
    drop_table :products
  end
end

Apply the migration

rake db:migrate
mv 20101208005541_create_products.rb 20110211000001_create_products.rb
(in /home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot)
==  CreateProducts: migrating =================================================
-- create_table(:products)
   -> 0.0099s
==  CreateProducts: migrated (0.0100s) ========================================

Load some "seed" data

edit db/seeds.rb
Product.delete_all
# . . .
Product.create(:title => 'Programming Ruby 1.9',
  :description =>
    %{<p>
        Ruby is the fastest growing and most exciting dynamic language
        out there. If you need to get working programs delivered fast,
        you should add Ruby to your toolbox.
      </p>},
  :image_url => '/images/ruby.jpg',
  :price => 49.50)
# . . .
rake db:seed
(in /home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot)

7.1 Iteration B1: Validate!

Augment the model with a few vailidity checks.

Various validations: required, numeric, positive, and unique

edit app/models/product.rb
class Product < ActiveRecord::Base
  validates :title, :description, :image_url, :presence => true
  validates :price, :numericality => {:greater_than_or_equal_to => 0.01}
  validates :title, :uniqueness => true
  validates :image_url, :allow_blank => true, :format => {
    :with    => %r{\.(gif|jpg|png)$}i,
    :message => 'must be a URL for GIF, JPG or PNG image.'
  }
end

Demonstrate failures.

get /products/new

New product





Back 
post /products

New product

4 errors prohibited this product from being saved:

  • Title can't be blank
  • Description can't be blank
  • Image url can't be blank
  • Price must be greater than or equal to 0.01




Back

Demonstrate more failures.

get /products/new

New product





Back 
post /products

New product

1 error prohibited this product from being saved:

  • Price is not a number




Back 
edit app/models/product.rb
class Product < ActiveRecord::Base
  validates :title, :description, :image_url, :presence => true
  validates :price, :numericality => {:greater_than_or_equal_to => 0.01}
  validates :title, :uniqueness => true
  validates :image_url, :format => {
    :with    => %r{\.(gif|jpg|png)$}i,
    :message => 'must be a URL for GIF, JPG or PNG image.'
  }
end
pub depot_b

7.2 Iteration B2: Unit Testing

Introduce the importance of unit testing.

Look at what files are generated

ls test/unit
helpers
product_test.rb

Add a fixture.

edit test/fixtures/products.yml
# Read about fixtures at http://ar.rubyonrails.org/classes/Fixtures.html
 
one:
  title: MyString
  description: MyText
  image_url: MyString
  price: 9.99
 
two:
  title: MyString
  description: MyText
  image_url: MyString
  price: 9.99
 
ruby: 
  title:       Programming Ruby 1.9
  description: 
    Ruby is the fastest growing and most exciting dynamic
    language out there.  If you need to get working programs
    delivered fast, you should add Ruby to your toolbox.
  price:       49.50
  image_url:   ruby.png

Now run the tests... and watch them fail :-(

rake test
(in /home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot)
Loaded suite /home/rubys/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p302/gems/rake-0.8.7/lib/rake/rake_test_loader
Started
.
Finished in 0.262072 seconds.
 
1 tests, 1 assertions, 0 failures, 0 errors
Loaded suite /home/rubys/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p302/gems/rake-0.8.7/lib/rake/rake_test_loader
Started
F.....F
Finished in 0.514463 seconds.
 
  1) Failure:
test_should_create_product(ProductsControllerTest) [/test/functional/products_controller_test.rb:20]:
"Product.count" didn't change by 1.
<4> expected but was
<3>.
 
  2) Failure:
test_should_update_product(ProductsControllerTest) [/test/functional/products_controller_test.rb:39]:
Expected response to be a <:redirect>, but was <200>
 
7 tests, 9 assertions, 2 failures, 0 errors
Errors running test:functionals!

Solution is simple, provide valid data.

edit test/functional/products_controller_test.rb
require 'test_helper'
 
class ProductsControllerTest < ActionController::TestCase
  setup do
    @product = products(:one)
    @update = {
      :title       => 'Lorem Ipsum',
      :description => 'Wibbles are fun!',
      :image_url   => 'lorem.jpg',
      :price       => 19.95
    }
  end
 
  test "should get index" do
    get :index
    assert_response :success
    assert_not_nil assigns(:products)
  end
 
  test "should get new" do
    get :new
    assert_response :success
  end
 
  test "should create product" do
    assert_difference('Product.count') do
      post :create, :product => @update
    end
 
    assert_redirected_to product_path(assigns(:product))
  end
 
  # ...
  test "should update product" do
    put :update, :id => @product.to_param, :product => @update
    assert_redirected_to product_path(assigns(:product))
  end
 
  # ...
end

Tests now pass again :-)

rake test
(in /home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot)
Loaded suite /home/rubys/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p302/gems/rake-0.8.7/lib/rake/rake_test_loader
Started
.
Finished in 0.103192 seconds.
 
1 tests, 1 assertions, 0 failures, 0 errors
Loaded suite /home/rubys/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p302/gems/rake-0.8.7/lib/rake/rake_test_loader
Started
.......
Finished in 0.473018 seconds.
 
7 tests, 10 assertions, 0 failures, 0 errors

Add some unit tests for new function.

edit test/unit/product_test.rb
require 'test_helper'
 
class ProductTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
  test "product attributes must not be empty" do
    product = Product.new
    assert product.invalid?
    assert product.errors[:title].any?
    assert product.errors[:description].any?
    assert product.errors[:price].any?
    assert product.errors[:image_url].any?
  end
 
  test "product price must be positive" do
    product = Product.new(:title       => "My Book Title",
                          :description => "yyy",
                          :image_url   => "zzz.jpg")
    product.price = -1
    assert product.invalid?
    assert_equal "must be greater than or equal to 0.01", 
      product.errors[:price].join('; ')
 
    product.price = 0
    assert product.invalid?
    assert_equal "must be greater than or equal to 0.01", 
      product.errors[:price].join('; ')
 
    product.price = 1
    assert product.valid?
  end
 
  def new_product(image_url)
    Product.new(:title       => "My Book Title",
                :description => "yyy",
                :price       => 1,
                :image_url   => image_url)
  end
 
  test "image url" do
    ok = %w{ fred.gif fred.jpg fred.png FRED.JPG FRED.Jpg
             http://a.b.c/x/y/z/fred.gif }
    bad = %w{ fred.doc fred.gif/more fred.gif.more }
    
    ok.each do |name|
      assert new_product(name).valid?, "#{name} shouldn't be invalid"
    end
 
    bad.each do |name|
      assert new_product(name).invalid?, "#{name} shouldn't be valid"
    end
  end
 
  test "product is not valid without a unique title" do
    product = Product.new(:title       => products(:ruby).title,
                          :description => "yyy", 
                          :price       => 1, 
                          :image_url   => "fred.gif")
 
    assert !product.save
    assert_equal "has already been taken", product.errors[:title].join('; ')
  end
 
  test "product is not valid without a unique title - i18n" do
    product = Product.new(:title       => products(:ruby).title,
                          :description => "yyy", 
                          :price       => 1, 
                          :image_url   => "fred.gif")
 
    assert !product.save
    assert_equal I18n.translate('activerecord.errors.messages.taken'),
                 product.errors[:title].join('; ')
  end
  
end

Tests pass!

rake test:units
(in /home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot)
Loaded suite /home/rubys/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p302/gems/rake-0.8.7/lib/rake/rake_test_loader
Started
.....
Finished in 0.317531 seconds.
 
5 tests, 23 assertions, 0 failures, 0 errors

7.3 Playtime

Save our work

Show what files we changed.

git status
fatal: Not a git repository (or any of the parent directories): .git

Commit changes using -a shortcut

git commit -a -m 'Validation!'
fatal: Not a git repository (or any of the parent directories): .git
pub depot_c
edit app/models/product.rb
class Product < ActiveRecord::Base
  validates :title, :description, :image_url, :presence => true
  validates :price, :numericality => {:greater_than_or_equal_to => 0.01}
  validates :title, :uniqueness => true
  validates :image_url, :format => {
    :with    => %r{\.(gif|jpg|png)$}i,
    :message => 'must be a URL for GIF, JPG or PNG image.'
  }
  validates :title, :length => {:minimum => 10}
end

8.1 Iteration C1: Create the Catalog Listing

Show the model, view, and controller working together.

Create a second controller with a single index action

rails generate controller store index
      create  app/controllers/store_controller.rb
       route  get "store/index"
      invoke  erb
      create    app/views/store
      create    app/views/store/index.html.erb
      invoke  test_unit
      create    test/functional/store_controller_test.rb
      invoke  helper
      create    app/helpers/store_helper.rb
      invoke    test_unit
      create      test/unit/helpers/store_helper_test.rb

Route the 'root' of the site to the store

edit config/routes.rb
Depot::Application.routes.draw do
  get "store/index"
 
  resources :products
 
  # ...
 
  # You can have the root of your site routed with "root"
  # just remember to delete public/index.html.
  # root :to => "welcome#index"
  root :to => 'store#index', :as => 'store'
 
  # ...
end

Delete public/index.html, as instructed.

rm public/index.html

Demonstrate that everything is wired together

get /

Store#index

Find me in app/views/store/index.html.erb

In the controller, get a list of products from the model

edit app/controllers/store_controller.rb
class StoreController < ApplicationController
  def index
    @products = Product.all
  end
 
end

In the model, define a default sort order

edit app/models/product.rb
class Product < ActiveRecord::Base
  default_scope :order => 'title'
 
  # validation stuff...
end

In the view, display a list of products

edit app/views/store/index.html.erb
<% if notice %>
<p id="notice"><%= notice %></p>
<% end %>
 
<h1>Your Pragmatic Catalog</h1>
 
<% @products.each do |product| %>
  <div class="entry">
    <%= image_tag(product.image_url) %>
    <h3><%= product.title %></h3>
    <%=sanitize product.description %>
    <div class="price_line">
      <span class="price"><%= product.price %></span>
    </div>
  </div>
<% end %>

Show our first (ugly) catalog page

get /

Your Pragmatic Catalog

Ruby

Programming Ruby 1.9

Ruby is the fastest growing and most exciting dynamic language out there. If you need to get working programs delivered fast, you should add Ruby to your toolbox.

49.5
Rtp

Rails Test Prescriptions

Rails Test Prescriptions is a comprehensive guide to testing Rails applications, covering Test-Driven Development from both a theoretical perspective (why to test) and from a practical perspective (how to test effectively). It covers the core Rails testing tools and procedures for Rails 2 and Rails 3, and introduces popular add-ons, including Cucumber, Shoulda, Machinist, Mocha, and Rcov.

43.75
Wd4d

Web Design for Developers

Web Design for Developers will show you how to make your web-based application look professionally designed. We'll help you learn how to pick the right colors and fonts, avoid costly interface and accessibility mistakes -- your application will really come alive. We'll also walk you through some common Photoshop and CSS techniques and work through a web site redesign, taking a new design from concept all the way to implementation.

42.95 
pub depot_d

8.2 Iteration C2: Add a Page Layout

Demonstrate layouts.

Modify the application layout

edit app/views/layouts/application.html.erb
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
  <title>Pragprog Books Online Store</title>
  <%= stylesheet_link_tag "scaffold" %>
  <%= stylesheet_link_tag "depot", :media => "all" %><!-- <label id="code.slt"/> -->
  <%= javascript_include_tag :defaults %>
  <%= csrf_meta_tag %><!-- <label id="code.csrf"/> -->
</head>
<body id="store">
  <div id="banner">
    <%= image_tag("logo.png") %>
    <%= @page_title || "Pragmatic Bookshelf" %><!-- <label id="code.depot.e.title"/> -->
  </div>
  <div id="columns">
    <div id="side">
      <a href="http://www....">Home</a><br />
      <a href="http://www..../faq">Questions</a><br />
      <a href="http://www..../news">News</a><br />
      <a href="http://www..../contact">Contact</a><br />
    </div>
    <div id="main">
      <%= yield %><!-- <label id="code.depot.e.include"/> -->
    </div>
  </div>
</body>
</html>

Modify the stylesheet

edit public/stylesheets/depot.css
#<IndexError: regexp not matched>
  makedepot.rb:305:in `[]='
  makedepot.rb:305
  /home/rubys/git/gorp/lib/gorp/edit.rb:151:in `instance_exec'
  /home/rubys/git/gorp/lib/gorp/edit.rb:151:in `edit'
  makedepot.rb:304
  /home/rubys/git/gorp/lib/gorp/output.rb:59:in `call'
  /home/rubys/git/gorp/lib/gorp/output.rb:59
  /home/rubys/git/gorp/lib/gorp/output.rb:49:in `each'
  /home/rubys/git/gorp/lib/gorp/output.rb:49
  /home/rubys/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p302/gems/builder-3.0.0/lib/builder/xmlbase.rb:155:in `call'
  /home/rubys/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p302/gems/builder-3.0.0/lib/builder/xmlbase.rb:155:in `_nested_structures'
  /home/rubys/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p302/gems/builder-3.0.0/lib/builder/xmlbase.rb:63:in `method_missing'
  /home/rubys/git/gorp/lib/gorp/output.rb:22
  /home/rubys/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p302/gems/builder-3.0.0/lib/builder/xmlbase.rb:155:in `call'
  /home/rubys/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p302/gems/builder-3.0.0/lib/builder/xmlbase.rb:155:in `_nested_structures'
  /home/rubys/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p302/gems/builder-3.0.0/lib/builder/xmlbase.rb:63:in `method_missing'
  /home/rubys/git/gorp/lib/gorp/output.rb:11
  makedepot.rb:1759

Show the results.

get /

Your Pragmatic Catalog

Ruby

Programming Ruby 1.9

Ruby is the fastest growing and most exciting dynamic language out there. If you need to get working programs delivered fast, you should add Ruby to your toolbox.

49.5
Rtp

Rails Test Prescriptions

Rails Test Prescriptions is a comprehensive guide to testing Rails applications, covering Test-Driven Development from both a theoretical perspective (why to test) and from a practical perspective (how to test effectively). It covers the core Rails testing tools and procedures for Rails 2 and Rails 3, and introduces popular add-ons, including Cucumber, Shoulda, Machinist, Mocha, and Rcov.

43.75
Wd4d

Web Design for Developers

Web Design for Developers will show you how to make your web-based application look professionally designed. We'll help you learn how to pick the right colors and fonts, avoid costly interface and accessibility mistakes -- your application will really come alive. We'll also walk you through some common Photoshop and CSS techniques and work through a web site redesign, taking a new design from concept all the way to implementation.

42.95

8.3 Iteration C3: Use a Helper to Format the Price

Demonstrate helpers.

Format the price using a built-in helper.

edit app/views/store/index.html.erb
<% if notice %>
<p id="notice"><%= notice %></p>
<% end %>
 
<h1>Your Pragmatic Catalog</h1>
 
<% @products.each do |product| %>
  <div class="entry">
    <%= image_tag(product.image_url) %>
    <h3><%= product.title %></h3>
    <%=sanitize product.description %>
    <div class="price_line">
      <span class="price"><%= number_to_currency(product.price) %></span>
    </div>
  </div>
<% end %>

Show the results.

get /

Your Pragmatic Catalog

Ruby

Programming Ruby 1.9

Ruby is the fastest growing and most exciting dynamic language out there. If you need to get working programs delivered fast, you should add Ruby to your toolbox.

$49.50
Rtp

Rails Test Prescriptions

Rails Test Prescriptions is a comprehensive guide to testing Rails applications, covering Test-Driven Development from both a theoretical perspective (why to test) and from a practical perspective (how to test effectively). It covers the core Rails testing tools and procedures for Rails 2 and Rails 3, and introduces popular add-ons, including Cucumber, Shoulda, Machinist, Mocha, and Rcov.

$43.75
Wd4d

Web Design for Developers

Web Design for Developers will show you how to make your web-based application look professionally designed. We'll help you learn how to pick the right colors and fonts, avoid costly interface and accessibility mistakes -- your application will really come alive. We'll also walk you through some common Photoshop and CSS techniques and work through a web site redesign, taking a new design from concept all the way to implementation.

$42.95

8.4 Iteration C4: Functional Testing

Demonstrate use of assert_select to test views.

Verify that the tests still pass.

rake test
(in /home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot)
Loaded suite /home/rubys/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p302/gems/rake-0.8.7/lib/rake/rake_test_loader
Started
.....
Finished in 0.61567 seconds.
 
5 tests, 23 assertions, 0 failures, 0 errors
Loaded suite /home/rubys/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p302/gems/rake-0.8.7/lib/rake/rake_test_loader
Started
........
Finished in 0.663908 seconds.
 
8 tests, 11 assertions, 0 failures, 0 errors

Add tests for layout, product display, and formatting, using counts, string comparisons, and regular expressions.

edit test/functional/store_controller_test.rb
require 'test_helper'
 
class StoreControllerTest < ActionController::TestCase
  test "should get index" do
    get :index
    assert_response :success
    assert_select '#columns #side a', :minimum => 4
    assert_select '#main .entry', 3
    assert_select 'h3', 'Programming Ruby 1.9'
    assert_select '.price', /\$[,\d]+\.\d\d/
  end
 
end

Show that the tests pass.

rake test:functionals
(in /home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot)
Loaded suite /home/rubys/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p302/gems/rake-0.8.7/lib/rake/rake_test_loader
Started
........
Finished in 0.441793 seconds.
 
8 tests, 15 assertions, 0 failures, 0 errors
pub depot_e

8.5 Playtime

 
git tag iteration-b
fatal: Not a git repository (or any of the parent directories): .git
git commit -a -m "Prettier listings"
fatal: Not a git repository (or any of the parent directories): .git
git tag iteration-c
fatal: Not a git repository (or any of the parent directories): .git

9.1 Iteration D1: Finding a Cart

Create a cart. Put it in a session. Find it.

Create a cart.

rails generate scaffold Cart
      invoke  active_record
      create    db/migrate/20110211000002_create_carts.rb
      create    app/models/cart.rb
      invoke    test_unit
      create      test/unit/cart_test.rb
      create      test/fixtures/carts.yml
       route  resources :carts
      invoke  scaffold_controller
      create    app/controllers/carts_controller.rb
      invoke    erb
      create      app/views/carts
      create      app/views/carts/index.html.erb
      create      app/views/carts/edit.html.erb
      create      app/views/carts/show.html.erb
      create      app/views/carts/new.html.erb
      create      app/views/carts/_form.html.erb
      invoke    test_unit
      create      test/functional/carts_controller_test.rb
      invoke    helper
      create      app/helpers/carts_helper.rb
      invoke      test_unit
      create        test/unit/helpers/carts_helper_test.rb
      invoke  stylesheets
   identical    public/stylesheets/scaffold.css
rake db:migrate
(in /home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot)
==  CreateCarts: migrating ====================================================
-- create_table(:carts)
   -> 0.0010s
==  CreateCarts: migrated (0.0011s) ===========================================

Implement current_cart, which creates a new cart if it can't find one.

edit app/controllers/application_controller.rb

Replace with signed cookies? 

class ApplicationController < ActionController::Base
  protect_from_forgery
 
  private
 
    def current_cart 
      Cart.find(session[:cart_id])
    rescue ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound
      cart = Cart.create
      session[:cart_id] = cart.id
      cart
    end
end

9.2 Iteration D2: Connecting Products to Carts

Create line item which connects products to carts'

Create the model object.

rails generate scaffold LineItem product_id:integer cart_id:integer
      invoke  active_record
      create    db/migrate/20110211000003_create_line_items.rb
      create    app/models/line_item.rb
      invoke    test_unit
      create      test/unit/line_item_test.rb
      create      test/fixtures/line_items.yml
       route  resources :line_items
      invoke  scaffold_controller
      create    app/controllers/line_items_controller.rb
      invoke    erb
      create      app/views/line_items
      create      app/views/line_items/index.html.erb
      create      app/views/line_items/edit.html.erb
      create      app/views/line_items/show.html.erb
      create      app/views/line_items/new.html.erb
      create      app/views/line_items/_form.html.erb
      invoke    test_unit
      create      test/functional/line_items_controller_test.rb
      invoke    helper
      create      app/helpers/line_items_helper.rb
      invoke      test_unit
      create        test/unit/helpers/line_items_helper_test.rb
      invoke  stylesheets
   identical    public/stylesheets/scaffold.css
rake db:migrate
(in /home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot)
==  CreateLineItems: migrating ================================================
-- create_table(:line_items)
   -> 0.0013s
==  CreateLineItems: migrated (0.0014s) =======================================

Cart has many line items.

edit app/models/cart.rb
class Cart < ActiveRecord::Base
  has_many :line_items, :dependent => :destroy
end

Product has many line items.

edit app/models/product.rb
class Product < ActiveRecord::Base
  default_scope :order => 'title'
  has_many :line_items
 
  before_destroy :ensure_not_referenced_by_any_line_item
 
  # ensure that there are no line items referencing this product
  def ensure_not_referenced_by_any_line_item
    if line_items.count.zero?
      return true
    else
      errors.add(:base, 'Line Items present')
      return false
    end
  end
 
  #...

Line item belongs to both Cart and Product (But slightly more to the Cart). Also provide convenient access to the total price of the line item

edit app/models/line_item.rb
class LineItem < ActiveRecord::Base
  belongs_to :product
  belongs_to :cart
end

9.3 Iteration D3: Adding a button

Now we connect the model objects we created to the controller and the view.

Add the button, connecting it to the Line Item Controller, passing the product id.

edit app/views/store/index.html.erb
<% if notice %>
<p id="notice"><%= notice %></p>
<% end %>
 
<h1>Your Pragmatic Catalog</h1>
 
<% @products.each do |product| %>
  <div class="entry">
    <%= image_tag(product.image_url) %>
    <h3><%= product.title %></h3>
    <%=sanitize product.description %>
    <div class="price_line">
      <span class="price"><%= number_to_currency(product.price) %></span>
      <%= button_to 'Add to Cart', line_items_path(:product_id => product) %>
    </div>
  </div>
<% end %>

Add a bit of style to make it show all on one line

edit public/stylesheets/depot.css
#store .entry form, #store .entry form div {
  display: inline;
}

Update the LineItem.new call to use current_cart and the product id. Additionally change the logic so that redirection upon success goes to the cart instead of the line item.

edit app/controllers/line_items_controller.rb
  def create
    @cart = current_cart
    product = Product.find(params[:product_id])
    @line_item = @cart.line_items.build(:product => product)
 
    respond_to do |format|
      if @line_item.save
        format.html { redirect_to(@line_item.cart,
          :notice => 'Line item was successfully created.') }
        format.xml  { render :xml => @line_item,
          :status => :created, :location => @line_item }
      else
        format.html { render :action => "new" }
        format.xml  { render :xml => @line_item.errors,
          :status => :unprocessable_entity }
      end
    end
  end

Try it once, and see that the output isn't very useful yet.

get /

Your Pragmatic Catalog

Ruby

Programming Ruby 1.9

Ruby is the fastest growing and most exciting dynamic language out there. If you need to get working programs delivered fast, you should add Ruby to your toolbox.

$49.50
Rtp

Rails Test Prescriptions

Rails Test Prescriptions is a comprehensive guide to testing Rails applications, covering Test-Driven Development from both a theoretical perspective (why to test) and from a practical perspective (how to test effectively). It covers the core Rails testing tools and procedures for Rails 2 and Rails 3, and introduces popular add-ons, including Cucumber, Shoulda, Machinist, Mocha, and Rcov.

$43.75
Wd4d

Web Design for Developers

Web Design for Developers will show you how to make your web-based application look professionally designed. We'll help you learn how to pick the right colors and fonts, avoid costly interface and accessibility mistakes -- your application will really come alive. We'll also walk you through some common Photoshop and CSS techniques and work through a web site redesign, taking a new design from concept all the way to implementation.

$42.95 
post /line_items?product_id=3
You are being redirected. 
get http://localhost:3000/carts/1

Line item was successfully created.

Edit | Back

Update the template that shows the Cart.

edit app/views/carts/show.html.erb
<h2>Your Pragmatic Cart</h2>
<ul>    
  <% @cart.line_items.each do |item| %>
    <li><%= item.product.title %></li>
  <% end %>
</ul>

Try it once again, and see that the products in the cart.

get /

Your Pragmatic Catalog

Ruby

Programming Ruby 1.9

Ruby is the fastest growing and most exciting dynamic language out there. If you need to get working programs delivered fast, you should add Ruby to your toolbox.

$49.50
Rtp

Rails Test Prescriptions

Rails Test Prescriptions is a comprehensive guide to testing Rails applications, covering Test-Driven Development from both a theoretical perspective (why to test) and from a practical perspective (how to test effectively). It covers the core Rails testing tools and procedures for Rails 2 and Rails 3, and introduces popular add-ons, including Cucumber, Shoulda, Machinist, Mocha, and Rcov.

$43.75
Wd4d

Web Design for Developers

Web Design for Developers will show you how to make your web-based application look professionally designed. We'll help you learn how to pick the right colors and fonts, avoid costly interface and accessibility mistakes -- your application will really come alive. We'll also walk you through some common Photoshop and CSS techniques and work through a web site redesign, taking a new design from concept all the way to implementation.

$42.95 
post /line_items?product_id=3
You are being redirected. 
get http://localhost:3000/carts/1

Your Pragmatic Cart

  • Rails Test Prescriptions
  • Rails Test Prescriptions
pub depot_f

9.4 Playtime

Once again, get the tests working, and add tests for the smarter cart.

See that the tests fail.

rake test
(in /home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot)
Loaded suite /home/rubys/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p302/gems/rake-0.8.7/lib/rake/rake_test_loader
Started
.......
Finished in 0.196802 seconds.
 
7 tests, 25 assertions, 0 failures, 0 errors
Loaded suite /home/rubys/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p302/gems/rake-0.8.7/lib/rake/rake_test_loader
Started
.......E..............
Finished in 0.833816 seconds.
 
  1) Error:
test_should_create_line_item(LineItemsControllerTest):
ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound: Couldn't find Product without an ID
    app/controllers/line_items_controller.rb:46:in `create'
    /test/functional/line_items_controller_test.rb:21:in `test_should_create_line_item'
    /test/functional/line_items_controller_test.rb:20:in `test_should_create_line_item'
 
22 tests, 33 assertions, 0 failures, 1 errors
Errors running test:functionals!

Update parameters passed as well as expected target of redirect

edit test/functional/line_items_controller_test.rb
  test "should create line_item" do
    assert_difference('LineItem.count') do
      post :create, :product_id => products(:ruby).id
    end
 
    assert_redirected_to cart_path(assigns(:line_item).cart)
  end
rake test
(in /home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot)
Loaded suite /home/rubys/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p302/gems/rake-0.8.7/lib/rake/rake_test_loader
Started
.......
Finished in 0.188683 seconds.
 
7 tests, 25 assertions, 0 failures, 0 errors
Loaded suite /home/rubys/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p302/gems/rake-0.8.7/lib/rake/rake_test_loader
Started
......................
Finished in 0.838074 seconds.
 
22 tests, 35 assertions, 0 failures, 0 errors

10.1 Iteration E1: Creating a Smarter Cart

Change the cart to track the quantity of each product.

Add a quantity column to the line_item table in the database.

rails generate migration add_quantity_to_line_item quantity:integer
      invoke  active_record
      create    db/migrate/20110211000004_add_quantity_to_line_item.rb

Modify the migration to add a default value for the new column

edit db/migrate/20110211000004_add_quantity_to_line_item.rb
class AddQuantityToLineItem < ActiveRecord::Migration
  def up
    add_column :line_items, :quantity, :integer, :default => 1
  end
 
  def down
    remove_column :line_items, :quantity
  end
end

Apply the migration

rake db:migrate
(in /home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot)
==  AddQuantityToLineItem: migrating ==========================================
-- add_column(:line_items, :quantity, :integer, {:default=>1})
   -> 0.0149s
==  AddQuantityToLineItem: migrated (0.0150s) =================================

Create a method to add a product to the cart by either incrementing the quantity of an existing line item, or creating a new line item.

edit app/models/cart.rb
  def add_product(product_id)
    current_item = line_items.where(:product_id => product_id).first
    if current_item
      current_item.quantity += 1
    else
      current_item = line_items.build(:product_id => product_id)
    end
    current_item
  end

Replace the call to LineItem.new with a call to the new method.

edit app/controllers/line_items_controller.rb
  def create
    @cart = current_cart
    product = Product.find(params[:product_id])
    @line_item = @cart.add_product(product.id)
 
    respond_to do |format|
      if @line_item.save
        format.html { redirect_to(@line_item.cart,
          :notice => 'Line item was successfully created.') }
        format.xml  { render :xml => @line_item,
          :status => :created, :location => @line_item }
      else
        format.html { render :action => "new" }
        format.xml  { render :xml => @line_item.errors,
          :status => :unprocessable_entity }
      end
    end
  end

Update the view to show both columns.

edit app/views/carts/show.html.erb
<h2>Your Pragmatic Cart</h2>
<ul>    
  <% @cart.line_items.each do |item| %>
    <li><%= item.quantity %> &times; <%= item.product.title %></li>
  <% end %>
</ul>

Look at the cart, and see that's not exactly what we intended

get /carts/1

Your Pragmatic Cart

  • 1 × Rails Test Prescriptions
  • 1 × Rails Test Prescriptions

Generate a migration to combine/separate items in carts.

rails generate migration combine_items_in_cart
      invoke  active_record
      create    db/migrate/20110211000005_combine_items_in_cart.rb

Fill in the self.up method

edit db/migrate/20110211000005_combine_items_in_cart.rb
  def up
    # replace multiple items for a single product in a cart with a single item
    Cart.all.each do |cart|
      # count the number of each product in the cart
      sums = cart.line_items.group(:product_id).sum(:quantity)
 
      sums.each do |product_id, quantity|
        if quantity > 1
          # remove individual items
          cart.line_items.where(:product_id=>product_id).delete_all
 
          # replace with a single item
          cart.line_items.create(:product_id=>product_id, :quantity=>quantity)
        end
      end
    end
  end

Combine entries

rake db:migrate
(in /home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot)
==  CombineItemsInCart: migrating =============================================
==  CombineItemsInCart: migrated (0.2318s) ====================================

Verify that the entries have been combined.

get /carts/1

Your Pragmatic Cart

  • 2 × Rails Test Prescriptions

Fill in the self.down method

edit db/migrate/20110211000005_combine_items_in_cart.rb
  def down
    # split items with quantity>1 into multiple items
    LineItem.where("quantity>1").each do |lineitem|
      # add individual items
      lineitem.quantity.times do 
        LineItem.create :cart_id=>lineitem.cart_id,
          :product_id=>lineitem.product_id, :quantity=>1
      end
 
      # remove original item
      lineitem.destroy
    end
  end

Separate out individual items.

rake db:rollback
(in /home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot)
==  CombineItemsInCart: reverting =============================================
==  CombineItemsInCart: reverted (0.1922s) ====================================

Every item should (once again) only have a quantity of one.

get /carts/1

Your Pragmatic Cart

  • 1 × Rails Test Prescriptions
  • 1 × Rails Test Prescriptions

Recombine the item data.

rake db:migrate
(in /home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot)
==  CombineItemsInCart: migrating =============================================
==  CombineItemsInCart: migrated (0.2273s) ====================================

Add a few products to the order.

post /line_items?product_id=2
You are being redirected. 
get http://localhost:3000/carts/1

Your Pragmatic Cart

  • 2 × Rails Test Prescriptions
  • 1 × Programming Ruby 1.9
post /line_items?product_id=3
You are being redirected. 
get http://localhost:3000/carts/1

Your Pragmatic Cart

  • 3 × Rails Test Prescriptions
  • 1 × Programming Ruby 1.9
pub depot_g

Try something malicious.

get /carts/wibble

ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound in CartsController#show 

Couldn't find Cart with id=wibble

Rails.root: /home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot

Application Trace | Framework Trace | Full Trace 
app/controllers/carts_controller.rb:16:in `show'

Request

Parameters: 

{"id"=>"wibble"}

Show session dump

Show env dump

Response

Headers: 

None

10.3 Iteration E3: Finishing the Cart

Add empty cart button, remove flash for line item create, add totals to view.

Add button to the view.

edit app/views/carts/show.html.erb
<h2>Your Pragmatic Cart</h2>
<ul>    
  <% @cart.line_items.each do |item| %>
    <li><%= item.quantity %> &times; <%= item.product.title %></li>
  <% end %>
</ul>
 
<%= button_to 'Empty cart', @cart, :method => :delete,
    :confirm => 'Are you sure?' %>

Clear session and add flash notice when cart is destroyed.

edit app/controllers/carts_controller.rb
  def destroy
    @cart = current_cart
    @cart.destroy
    session[:cart_id] = nil
 
    respond_to do |format|
      format.html { redirect_to(store_url,
        :notice => 'Your cart is currently empty') }
      format.xml  { head :ok }
    end
  end

Try it out.

get /carts/1

Your Pragmatic Cart

  • 3 × Rails Test Prescriptions
  • 1 × Programming Ruby 1.9
post /carts/1
You are being redirected. 
get http://localhost:3000/

Your cart is currently empty

Your Pragmatic Catalog

Ruby

Programming Ruby 1.9

Ruby is the fastest growing and most exciting dynamic language out there. If you need to get working programs delivered fast, you should add Ruby to your toolbox.

$49.50
Rtp

Rails Test Prescriptions

Rails Test Prescriptions is a comprehensive guide to testing Rails applications, covering Test-Driven Development from both a theoretical perspective (why to test) and from a practical perspective (how to test effectively). It covers the core Rails testing tools and procedures for Rails 2 and Rails 3, and introduces popular add-ons, including Cucumber, Shoulda, Machinist, Mocha, and Rcov.

$43.75
Wd4d

Web Design for Developers

Web Design for Developers will show you how to make your web-based application look professionally designed. We'll help you learn how to pick the right colors and fonts, avoid costly interface and accessibility mistakes -- your application will really come alive. We'll also walk you through some common Photoshop and CSS techniques and work through a web site redesign, taking a new design from concept all the way to implementation.

$42.95 
pub depot_h

Remove scaffolding generated flash notice for line item create.

edit app/controllers/line_items_controller.rb
  def create
    @cart = current_cart
    product = Product.find(params[:product_id])
    @line_item = @cart.add_product(product.id)
 
    respond_to do |format|
      if @line_item.save
        format.html { redirect_to(@line_item.cart) }
        format.xml  { render :xml => @line_item,
          :status => :created, :location => @line_item }
      else
        format.html { render :action => "new" }
        format.xml  { render :xml => @line_item.errors,
          :status => :unprocessable_entity }
      end
    end
  end

Update the view to add totals.

edit app/views/carts/show.html.erb
<div class="cart_title">Your Cart</div>
<table>
  <% for item in @cart.line_items %>
    <tr>
      <td><%= item.quantity %>&times;</td>
      <td><%= item.product.title %></td>
      <td class="item_price"><%= number_to_currency(item.total_price) %></td>
    </tr>
  <% end %>
 
  <tr class="total_line">
    <td colspan="2">Total</td>
    <td class="total_cell"><%= number_to_currency(@cart.total_price) %></td>
  </tr>
 
</table>
 
<%= button_to 'Empty cart', @cart, :method => :delete,
    :confirm => 'Are you sure?' %>

Add a method to compute the total price of a single line item.

edit app/models/line_item.rb
 
  def total_price
    product.price * quantity
  end

Add a method to compute the total price of the items in the cart.

edit app/models/cart.rb
  def total_price
    line_items.to_a.sum { |item| item.total_price }
  end

Add some style.

edit public/stylesheets/depot.css
/* Styles for the cart in the main page */
 
#store .cart_title {
  font: 120% bold;
}
 
#store .item_price, #store .total_line {
  text-align: right;
}
 
#store .total_line .total_cell {
  font-weight: bold;
  border-top: 1px solid #595;
}

Add a product to the cart, and see the total.

get /

Your Pragmatic Catalog

Ruby

Programming Ruby 1.9

Ruby is the fastest growing and most exciting dynamic language out there. If you need to get working programs delivered fast, you should add Ruby to your toolbox.

$49.50
Rtp

Rails Test Prescriptions

Rails Test Prescriptions is a comprehensive guide to testing Rails applications, covering Test-Driven Development from both a theoretical perspective (why to test) and from a practical perspective (how to test effectively). It covers the core Rails testing tools and procedures for Rails 2 and Rails 3, and introduces popular add-ons, including Cucumber, Shoulda, Machinist, Mocha, and Rcov.

$43.75
Wd4d

Web Design for Developers

Web Design for Developers will show you how to make your web-based application look professionally designed. We'll help you learn how to pick the right colors and fonts, avoid costly interface and accessibility mistakes -- your application will really come alive. We'll also walk you through some common Photoshop and CSS techniques and work through a web site redesign, taking a new design from concept all the way to implementation.

$42.95 
post /line_items?product_id=2
You are being redirected. 
get http://localhost:3000/carts/2
Your Cart
1× Programming Ruby 1.9 $49.50
Total $49.50

Add a few more products, and watch the totals climb!

post /line_items?product_id=2
You are being redirected. 
get http://localhost:3000/carts/2
Your Cart
2× Programming Ruby 1.9 $99.00
Total $99.00 
post /line_items?product_id=3
You are being redirected. 
get http://localhost:3000/carts/2
Your Cart
2× Programming Ruby 1.9 $99.00
1× Rails Test Prescriptions $43.75
Total $142.75

10.4 Playtime

Once again, get the tests working, and add tests for the smarter cart.

See that the tests fail.

rake test
(in /home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot)
Loaded suite /home/rubys/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p302/gems/rake-0.8.7/lib/rake/rake_test_loader
Started
.......
Finished in 0.191451 seconds.
 
7 tests, 25 assertions, 0 failures, 0 errors
Loaded suite /home/rubys/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p302/gems/rake-0.8.7/lib/rake/rake_test_loader
Started
.F....................
Finished in 1.500616 seconds.
 
  1) Failure:
test_should_destroy_cart(CartsControllerTest) [/test/functional/carts_controller_test.rb:43]:
"Cart.count" didn't change by -1.
<1> expected but was
<2>.
 
22 tests, 34 assertions, 1 failures, 0 errors
Errors running test:functionals!

Substitute names of products and carts for numbers

edit test/fixtures/line_items.yml
# Read about fixtures at http://ar.rubyonrails.org/classes/Fixtures.html
 
one:
  product: ruby
  cart: one
 
two:
  product: ruby
  cart: one

Update expected target of redirect: Cart#destroy.

edit test/functional/carts_controller_test.rb
  test "should destroy cart" do
    assert_difference('Cart.count', -1) do
      session[:cart_id] = @cart.id
      delete :destroy, :id => @cart.to_param
    end
 
    assert_redirected_to store_path
  end

Test both unique and duplicate products.

edit test/unit/cart_test.rb
require 'test_helper'
 
class CartTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
  test "add unique products" do
    cart = Cart.create
    book_one = products(:one)
    book_two  = products(:two)
    cart.add_product(book_one.id).save!
    cart.add_product(book_two.id).save!
    assert_equal 2, cart.line_items.size
    assert_equal book_one.price + book_two.price, cart.total_price
  end
  
  test "add_duplicate_product" do
    cart = Cart.create
    ruby_book = products(:ruby)
    cart.add_product(ruby_book.id).save!
    cart.add_product(ruby_book.id).save!
    assert_equal 2*book_one.price, cart.total_price
    assert_equal 1, cart.line_items.size
    assert_equal 2, cart.line_items[0].quantity
  end 
end
ruby -I test test/unit/cart_test.rb
Loaded suite test/unit/cart_test
Started
E.
Finished in 0.186284 seconds.
 
  1) Error:
test_add_duplicate_product(CartTest):
NameError: undefined local variable or method `book_one' for #<CartTest:0x7f02f0d39ec0>
    test/unit/cart_test.rb:24:in `test_add_duplicate_product'
 
2 tests, 2 assertions, 0 failures, 1 errors
pub depot_i

Refactor.

edit test/unit/cart_test.rb
require 'test_helper'
 
class CartTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
  def setup
    @cart  = Cart.create
    @book_one = products(:ruby)
    @book_two  = products(:two)
  end
  
  test "add unique products" do
    @cart.add_product(@book_one.id).save!
    @cart.add_product(@book_two.id).save!
    assert_equal 2, @cart.line_items.size
    assert_equal @book_one.price + @book_two.price, @cart.total_price
  end
 
  test "add duplicate product" do
    @cart.add_product(@book_one.id).save!
    @cart.add_product(@book_one.id).save!
    assert_equal 2*@book_one.price, @cart.total_price
    assert_equal 1, @cart.line_items.size
    assert_equal 2, @cart.line_items[0].quantity
  end 
end
ruby -I test test/unit/cart_test.rb
Loaded suite test/unit/cart_test
Started
..
Finished in 0.22283 seconds.
 
2 tests, 5 assertions, 0 failures, 0 errors

Verify that the tests pass.

rake test
(in /home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot)
Loaded suite /home/rubys/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p302/gems/rake-0.8.7/lib/rake/rake_test_loader
Started
........
Finished in 0.26355 seconds.
 
8 tests, 29 assertions, 0 failures, 0 errors
Loaded suite /home/rubys/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p302/gems/rake-0.8.7/lib/rake/rake_test_loader
Started
......................
Finished in 0.843048 seconds.
 
22 tests, 35 assertions, 0 failures, 0 errors

Add a test ensuring that non-empty carts can't be deleted.

edit test/functional/products_controller_test.rb
  test "can't delete product in cart" do
    assert_difference('Product.count', 0) do
      delete :destroy, :id => products(:ruby).to_param
    end
 
    assert_redirected_to products_path
  end
 
  test "should destroy product" do
    assert_difference('Product.count', -1) do
      delete :destroy, :id => @product.to_param
    end
 
    assert_redirected_to products_path
  end

Now the tests should pass.

rake test
(in /home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot)
Loaded suite /home/rubys/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p302/gems/rake-0.8.7/lib/rake/rake_test_loader
Started
........
Finished in 0.286452 seconds.
 
8 tests, 29 assertions, 0 failures, 0 errors
Loaded suite /home/rubys/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p302/gems/rake-0.8.7/lib/rake/rake_test_loader
Started
.......................
Finished in 0.854732 seconds.
 
23 tests, 37 assertions, 0 failures, 0 errors

Add price to line item

rails generate migration add_price_to_line_item price:decimal
      invoke  active_record
      create    db/migrate/20110211000006_add_price_to_line_item.rb
edit db/migrate/20110211000006_add_price_to_line_item.rb
class AddPriceToLineItem < ActiveRecord::Migration
  def up
    add_column :line_items, :price, :decimal
    LineItem.all.each do |li|
      li.price = li.product.price
    end
  end
 
  def down
    remove_column :line_items, :price
  end
end
rake db:migrate
(in /home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot)
==  AddPriceToLineItem: migrating =============================================
-- add_column(:line_items, :price, :decimal)
   -> 0.0008s
==  AddPriceToLineItem: migrated (0.1945s) ====================================
 
edit app/models/cart.rb
class Cart < ActiveRecord::Base
  has_many :line_items, :dependent => :destroy
 
  def add_product(product_id)
    current_item = line_items.where(:product_id => product_id).first
    if current_item
      current_item.quantity += 1
    else
      current_item = line_items.build(:product_id => product_id)
      current_item.price = current_item.product.price
    end
    current_item
  end
 
  def total_price
    line_items.to_a.sum { |item| item.total_price }
  end
end
git commit -a -m "Adding a Cart"
fatal: Not a git repository (or any of the parent directories): .git
git tag iteration-d
fatal: Not a git repository (or any of the parent directories): .git

11.1 Iteration F1: Moving the Cart

Refactor the cart view into partials, and reference the result from the layout.

Create a "partial" view, for just one line item

edit app/views/line_items/_line_item.html.erb
<tr>
  <td><%= line_item.quantity %>&times;</td>
  <td><%= line_item.product.title %></td>
  <td class="item_price"><%= number_to_currency(line_item.total_price) %></td>
</tr>

Replace that portion of the view with a callout to the partial

edit app/views/carts/show.html.erb
<div class="cart_title">Your Cart</div>
<table>
  <%= render(@cart.line_items) %>
 
  <tr class="total_line">
    <td colspan="2">Total</td>
    <td class="total_cell"><%= number_to_currency(@cart.total_price) %></td>
  </tr>
 
</table>
 
<%= button_to 'Empty cart', @cart, :method => :delete,
    :confirm => 'Are you sure?' %>

Make a copy as a partial for the cart controller

cp app/views/carts/show.html.erb app/views/carts/_cart.html.erb

Modify the copy to reference the (sub)partial and take input from @cart

edit app/views/carts/_cart.html.erb
<div class="cart_title">Your Cart</div>
<table>
  <%= render(cart.line_items) %>
 
  <tr class="total_line">
    <td colspan="2">Total</td>
    <td class="total_cell"><%= number_to_currency(cart.total_price) %></td>
  </tr>
 
</table>
 
<%= button_to 'Empty cart', cart, :method => :delete,
    :confirm => 'Are you sure?' %>

Insert a call in the controller to find the cart

edit app/controllers/store_controller.rb
  def index
    @products = Product.all
    @cart = current_cart
  end

Reference the partial from the layout.

edit app/views/layouts/application.html.erb
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
  <title>Pragprog Books Online Store</title>
  <%= stylesheet_link_tag "scaffold" %>
  <%= stylesheet_link_tag "depot", :media => "all" %>
  <%= javascript_include_tag :defaults %>
  <%= csrf_meta_tag %>
</head>
<body id="store">
  <div id="banner">
    <%= image_tag("logo.png") %>
    <%= @page_title || "Pragmatic Bookshelf" %>
  </div>
  <div id="columns">
    <div id="side">
      <div id="cart">
        <%= render @cart if @cart %>
      </div>
 
      <a href="http://www....">Home</a><br />
      <a href="http://www..../faq">Questions</a><br />
      <a href="http://www..../news">News</a><br />
      <a href="http://www..../contact">Contact</a><br />
    </div>
    <div id="main">
      <%= yield %>
    </div>
  </div>
</body>
</html>
pub depot_j

Keep things DRY

edit app/views/carts/show.html.erb
<%= render @cart %>

Change the redirect to be back to the store.

edit app/controllers/line_items_controller.rb
  def create
    @cart = current_cart
    product = Product.find(params[:product_id])
    @line_item = @cart.add_product(product.id)
 
    respond_to do |format|
      if @line_item.save
        format.html { redirect_to(store_url) }
        format.xml  { render :xml => @line_item,
          :status => :created, :location => @line_item }
      else
        format.html { render :action => "new" }
        format.xml  { render :xml => @line_item.errors,
          :status => :unprocessable_entity }
      end
    end
  end

Purchase another product.

get /
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Web Design for Developers will show you how to make your web-based application look professionally designed. We'll help you learn how to pick the right colors and fonts, avoid costly interface and accessibility mistakes -- your application will really come alive. We'll also walk you through some common Photoshop and CSS techniques and work through a web site redesign, taking a new design from concept all the way to implementation.

$42.95 
post /line_items?product_id=3
You are being redirected. 
get http://localhost:3000/
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Rails Test Prescriptions is a comprehensive guide to testing Rails applications, covering Test-Driven Development from both a theoretical perspective (why to test) and from a practical perspective (how to test effectively). It covers the core Rails testing tools and procedures for Rails 2 and Rails 3, and introduces popular add-ons, including Cucumber, Shoulda, Machinist, Mocha, and Rcov.

$43.75
Wd4d

Web Design for Developers

Web Design for Developers will show you how to make your web-based application look professionally designed. We'll help you learn how to pick the right colors and fonts, avoid costly interface and accessibility mistakes -- your application will really come alive. We'll also walk you through some common Photoshop and CSS techniques and work through a web site redesign, taking a new design from concept all the way to implementation.

$42.95 
pub depot_k

11.2 Iteration F2: Creating an AJAX-Based Cart

 
edit app/views/store/index.html.erb
<% if notice %>
<p id="notice"><%= notice %></p>
<% end %>
 
<h1>Your Pragmatic Catalog</h1>
 
<% @products.each do |product| %>
  <div class="entry">
    <%= image_tag(product.image_url) %>
    <h3><%= product.title %></h3>
    <%=sanitize product.description %>
    <div class="price_line">
      <span class="price"><%= number_to_currency(product.price) %></span>
      <%= button_to 'Add to Cart', line_items_path(:product_id => product),
        :remote => true %>
    </div>
  </div>
<% end %>
edit app/controllers/line_items_controller.rb
  def create
    @cart = current_cart
    product = Product.find(params[:product_id])
    @line_item = @cart.add_product(product.id)
 
    respond_to do |format|
      if @line_item.save
        format.html { redirect_to(store_url) }
        format.js
        format.xml  { render :xml => @line_item,
          :status => :created, :location => @line_item }
      else
        format.html { render :action => "new" }
        format.xml  { render :xml => @line_item.errors,
          :status => :unprocessable_entity }
      end
    end
  end
edit app/views/line_items/create.js.rjs
page.replace_html('cart', render(@cart))
pub depot_l

12.1 Iteration G1: Capturing an Order

 
rails generate scaffold Order name:string address:text email:string pay_type:string
      invoke  active_record
      create    db/migrate/20110211000007_create_orders.rb
      create    app/models/order.rb
      invoke    test_unit
      create      test/unit/order_test.rb
      create      test/fixtures/orders.yml
       route  resources :orders
      invoke  scaffold_controller
      create    app/controllers/orders_controller.rb
      invoke    erb
      create      app/views/orders
      create      app/views/orders/index.html.erb
      create      app/views/orders/edit.html.erb
      create      app/views/orders/show.html.erb
      create      app/views/orders/new.html.erb
      create      app/views/orders/_form.html.erb
      invoke    test_unit
      create      test/functional/orders_controller_test.rb
      invoke    helper
      create      app/helpers/orders_helper.rb
      invoke      test_unit
      create        test/unit/helpers/orders_helper_test.rb
      invoke  stylesheets
   identical    public/stylesheets/scaffold.css
edit db/migrate/20110211000007_create_orders.rb
  def up
    create_table :orders do |t|
      t.string :name
      t.text :address
      t.string :email
      t.string :pay_type, :limit => 10
 
      t.timestamps
    end
  end
rails generate migration add_order_id_to_line_item order_id:integer
      invoke  active_record
      create    db/migrate/20110211000008_add_order_id_to_line_item.rb
rake db:migrate
(in /home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot)
==  CreateOrders: migrating ===================================================
-- create_table(:orders)
   -> 0.0015s
==  CreateOrders: migrated (0.0016s) ==========================================
 
==  AddOrderIdToLineItem: migrating ===========================================
-- add_column(:line_items, :order_id, :integer)
   -> 0.0007s
==  AddOrderIdToLineItem: migrated (0.0008s) ==================================
 
sqlite3 db/development.sqlite3 .schema
CREATE TABLE "carts" ("id" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT NOT NULL, "created_at" datetime, "updated_at" datetime);
CREATE TABLE "line_items" ("id" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT NOT NULL, "product_id" integer, "cart_id" integer, "created_at" datetime, "updated_at" datetime, "quantity" integer DEFAULT 1, "price" decimal, "order_id" integer);
CREATE TABLE "orders" ("id" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT NOT NULL, "name" varchar(255), "address" text, "email" varchar(255), "pay_type" varchar(10), "created_at" datetime, "updated_at" datetime);
CREATE TABLE "products" ("id" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT NOT NULL, "title" varchar(255), "description" text, "image_url" varchar(255), "price" decimal(8,2), "created_at" datetime, "updated_at" datetime);
CREATE TABLE "schema_migrations" ("version" varchar(255) NOT NULL);
CREATE UNIQUE INDEX "unique_schema_migrations" ON "schema_migrations" ("version");
edit app/models/order.rb
class Order < ActiveRecord::Base
  has_many :line_items, :dependent => :destroy
  # ...
end
edit app/models/line_item.rb
edit app/views/carts/_cart.html.erb
<div class="cart_title">Your Cart</div>
<table>
  <%= render(cart.line_items) %>
 
  <tr class="total_line">
    <td colspan="2">Total</td>
    <td class="total_cell"><%= number_to_currency(cart.total_price) %></td>
  </tr>
 
</table>
<%= button_to "Checkout", new_order_path, :method => :get %>
<%= button_to 'Empty cart', cart, :method => :delete,
    :confirm => 'Are you sure?' %>
edit app/controllers/orders_controller.rb
  def new
    @cart = current_cart
    if @cart.line_items.empty?
      redirect_to store_url, :notice => "Your cart is empty"
      return
    end
 
    @order = Order.new
 
    respond_to do |format|
      format.html # new.html.erb
      format.xml  { render :xml => @order }
    end
  end
edit app/views/orders/new.html.erb
<div class="depot_form">
  <fieldset>
    <legend>Please Enter Your Details</legend>
    <%= render 'form' %>
  </fieldset>
</div>
edit app/views/orders/_form.html.erb
<%= form_for(@order) do |f| %>
  <% if @order.errors.any? %>
    <div id="error_explanation">
      <h2><%= pluralize(@order.errors.count, "error") %>
      prohibited this order from being saved:</h2>
 
      <ul>
      <% @order.errors.full_messages.each do |msg| %>
        <li><%= msg %></li>
      <% end %>
      </ul>
    </div>
  <% end %>
 
  <div class="field">
    <%= f.label :name %><br />
    <%= f.text_field :name, :size => 40 %>
  </div>
  <div class="field">
    <%= f.label :address %><br />
    <%= f.text_area :address, :rows => 3, :cols => 40 %>
  </div>
  <div class="field">
    <%= f.label :email %><br />
    <%= f.email_field :email, :size => 40 %>
  </div>
  <div class="field">
    <%= f.label :pay_type %><br />
    <%= f.select :pay_type, Order::PAYMENT_TYPES,
                  :prompt => 'Select a payment method' %>
  </div>
  <div class="actions">
    <%= f.submit 'Place Order' %>
  </div>
<% end %>
edit app/models/order.rb
class Order < ActiveRecord::Base
  PAYMENT_TYPES = [ "Check", "Credit card", "Purchase order" ]
end
edit public/stylesheets/depot.css
/* Styles for order form */
 
.depot_form fieldset {
  background: #efe;
}
 
.depot_form legend {
  color: #dfd;
  background: #141;
  font-family: sans-serif;
  padding: 0.2em 1em;
}
 
.depot_form label {
  width: 5em;
  float: left;
  text-align: right;
  padding-top: 0.2em;
  margin-right: 0.1em;
  display: block;
}
 
.depot_form select, .depot_form textarea, .depot_form input {
  margin-left: 0.5em;
}
 
.depot_form .submit {
  margin-left: 4em;
}
 
.depot_form div {
  margin: 0.5em 0;
}
edit app/models/order.rb
class Order < ActiveRecord::Base
  # ...
  validates :name, :address, :email, :pay_type, :presence => true
  validates :pay_type, :inclusion => PAYMENT_TYPES
end
edit app/controllers/orders_controller.rb
  def create
    @order = Order.new(params[:order])
    @order.add_line_items_from_cart(current_cart)
 
    respond_to do |format|
      if @order.save
        Cart.destroy(session[:cart_id])
        session[:cart_id] = nil
        format.html { redirect_to(store_url, :notice => 
          'Thank you for your order.') }
        format.xml  { render :xml => @order, :status => :created,
          :location => @order }
      else
        format.html { render :action => "new" }
        format.xml  { render :xml => @order.errors,
          :status => :unprocessable_entity }
      end
    end
  end
edit app/models/order.rb
class Order < ActiveRecord::Base
  PAYMENT_TYPES = [ "Check", "Credit card", "Purchase order" ]
  # ...
  validates :name, :address, :email, :pay_type, :presence => true
  validates :pay_type, :inclusion => PAYMENT_TYPES
 
  has_many :line_items, :dependent => :destroy
  # ...
  # ...
  def add_line_items_from_cart(cart)
    cart.line_items.each do |item|
      item.cart_id = nil
      line_items << item
    end
  end
end
get /orders/new
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Please Enter Your Details 




post /orders
Please Enter Your Details

5 errors prohibited this order from being saved:

  • Name can't be blank
  • Address can't be blank
  • Email can't be blank
  • Pay type can't be blank
  • Pay type is not included in the list




sqlite3> select * from orders
sqlite3> select * from line_items
        id = 8
product_id = 2
   cart_id = 2
created_at = 2010-12-08 00:58:11.102785
updated_at = 2010-12-08 00:58:12.183153
  quantity = 2
     price = 
  order_id = 
 
        id = 9
product_id = 3
   cart_id = 2
created_at = 2010-12-08 00:58:13.362073
updated_at = 2010-12-08 00:59:10.806066
  quantity = 2
     price = 
  order_id = 
get /orders/new
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post /orders
You are being redirected. 
get http://localhost:3000/
Your Cart
Total $0.00
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Thank you for your order.

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sqlite3> select * from orders
        id = 1
      name = Dave Thomas
   address = 123 Main St
     email = customer@example.com
  pay_type = Check
created_at = 2010-12-08 00:59:32.448199
updated_at = 2010-12-08 00:59:32.448199
sqlite3> select * from line_items
        id = 8
product_id = 2
   cart_id = 
created_at = 2010-12-08 00:58:11.102785
updated_at = 2010-12-08 00:59:32.451053
  quantity = 2
     price = 
  order_id = 1
 
        id = 9
product_id = 3
   cart_id = 
created_at = 2010-12-08 00:58:13.362073
updated_at = 2010-12-08 00:59:32.452811
  quantity = 2
     price = 
  order_id = 1
edit app/views/line_items/create.js.rjs
page.select("#notice").each { |notice| notice.hide }
 
page.replace_html('cart', render(@cart))

12.2 Iteration G2: Atom Feeds

Demonstrate various respond_to/format options, as well as "through" relations and basic authentication.

Define a "who_bought" member action

edit app/controllers/products_controller.rb
  def who_bought
    @product = Product.find(params[:id])
    respond_to do |format|
      format.xml { render :xml => @product }
    end
  end

Add to the routes

edit config/routes.rb
Depot::Application.routes.draw do
  resources :orders
 
  resources :line_items
 
  resources :carts
 
  get "store/index"
 
  resources :products do
    get :who_bought, :on => :member
  end
 
 
  # ...
 
  # You can have the root of your site routed with "root"
  # just remember to delete public/index.html.
  # root :to => "welcome#index"
  root :to => 'store#index', :as => 'store'
 
  # ...
end

Try again... success... but not much there

curl --silent --user dave:secret http://localhost:3000/products/3/who_bought.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<product>
  <price type="decimal">43.75</price>
  <created-at type="datetime">2010-12-08T00:55:58Z</created-at>
  <title>Rails Test Prescriptions</title>
  <image-url>/images/rtp.jpg</image-url>
  <updated-at type="datetime">2010-12-08T00:55:58Z</updated-at>
  <id type="integer">3</id>
  <description>&lt;p&gt;
        &lt;em&gt;Rails Test Prescriptions&lt;/em&gt; is a comprehensive guide to testing
        Rails applications, covering Test-Driven Development from both a
        theoretical perspective (why to test) and from a practical perspective
        (how to test effectively). It covers the core Rails testing tools and
        procedures for Rails 2 and Rails 3, and introduces popular add-ons,
        including Cucumber, Shoulda, Machinist, Mocha, and Rcov.
      &lt;/p&gt;</description>
</product>

Add "orders" to the Product class

edit app/models/product.rb
class Product < ActiveRecord::Base
  default_scope :order => 'title'
  has_many :line_items
  has_many :orders, :through => :line_items
  #...
end

Define an Atom view (using the Atom builder)

edit app/views/products/who_bought.atom.builder
atom_feed do |feed|
  feed.title "Who bought #{@product.title}"
 
  latest_order = @product.orders.sort_by(&:updated_at).last
  feed.updated( latest_order && latest_order.updated_at )
 
  @product.orders.each do |order|
    feed.entry(order) do |entry|
      entry.title "Order #{order.id}"
      entry.summary :type => 'xhtml' do |xhtml|
        xhtml.p "Shipped to #{order.address}"
 
        xhtml.table do
          xhtml.tr do
            xhtml.th 'Product'
            xhtml.th 'Quantity'
            xhtml.th 'Total Price'
          end
          for item in order.line_items
            xhtml.tr do
              xhtml.td item.product.title
              xhtml.td item.quantity
              xhtml.td number_to_currency item.total_price
            end
          end
          xhtml.tr do
            xhtml.th 'total', :colspan => 2
            xhtml.th number_to_currency \
              order.line_items.map(&:total_price).sum
          end
        end
 
        xhtml.p "Paid by #{order.pay_type}"
      end
      entry.author do |author|
        entry.name order.name
        entry.email order.email
      end
    end
  end
end

Add the atom format to the controller

edit app/controllers/products_controller.rb
  def who_bought
    @product = Product.find(params[:id])
    respond_to do |format|
      format.atom
      format.xml { render :xml => @product }
    end
  end

Fetch the Atom feed

curl --silent --user dave:secret http://localhost:3000/products/3/who_bought.atom
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<feed xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
  <id>tag:localhost,2005:/products/3/who_bought</id>
  <link type="text/html" href="http://localhost:3000" rel="alternate"/>
  <link type="application/atom+xml" href="http://localhost:3000/products/3/who_bought.atom" rel="self"/>
  <title>Who bought Rails Test Prescriptions</title>
  <updated>2010-12-08T00:59:32Z</updated>
  <entry>
    <id>tag:localhost,2005:Order/1</id>
    <published>2010-12-08T00:59:32Z</published>
    <updated>2010-12-08T00:59:32Z</updated>
    <link type="text/html" href="http://localhost:3000/orders/1" rel="alternate"/>
    <title>Order 1</title>
    <summary type="xhtml">
      <div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
        <p>Shipped to 123 Main St</p>
        <table>
          <tr>
            <th>Product</th>
            <th>Quantity</th>
            <th>Total Price</th>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td>Programming Ruby 1.9</td>
            <td>2</td>
            <td>$99.00</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td>Rails Test Prescriptions</td>
            <td>2</td>
            <td>$87.50</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <th colspan="2">total</th>
            <th>$186.50</th>
          </tr>
        </table>
        <p>Paid by Check</p>
      </div>
    </summary>
    <author>
      <name>Dave Thomas</name>
      <email>customer@example.com</email>
    </author>
  </entry>
</feed>
pub depot_o

Include "orders" in the response

edit app/controllers/products_controller.rb
  def who_bought
    @product = Product.find(params[:id])
    respond_to do |format|
      format.atom
      format.xml { render :xml => @product.to_xml(:include => :orders) }
    end
  end

Fetch the xml, see that the orders are included

curl --silent --user dave:secret http://localhost:3000/products/3/who_bought.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<product>
  <price type="decimal">43.75</price>
  <created-at type="datetime">2010-12-08T00:55:58Z</created-at>
  <title>Rails Test Prescriptions</title>
  <image-url>/images/rtp.jpg</image-url>
  <updated-at type="datetime">2010-12-08T00:55:58Z</updated-at>
  <id type="integer">3</id>
  <description>&lt;p&gt;
        &lt;em&gt;Rails Test Prescriptions&lt;/em&gt; is a comprehensive guide to testing
        Rails applications, covering Test-Driven Development from both a
        theoretical perspective (why to test) and from a practical perspective
        (how to test effectively). It covers the core Rails testing tools and
        procedures for Rails 2 and Rails 3, and introduces popular add-ons,
        including Cucumber, Shoulda, Machinist, Mocha, and Rcov.
      &lt;/p&gt;</description>
  <orders type="array">
    <order>
      <name>Dave Thomas</name>
      <address>123 Main St</address>
      <created-at type="datetime">2010-12-08T00:59:32Z</created-at>
      <updated-at type="datetime">2010-12-08T00:59:32Z</updated-at>
      <pay-type>Check</pay-type>
      <id type="integer">1</id>
      <email>customer@example.com</email>
    </order>
  </orders>
</product>

Define an HTML view

edit app/views/products/who_bought.html.erb
<h3>People Who Bought <%= @product.title %></h3>
 
<ul>
  <% for order in @product.orders %>
    <li>
      <%= mail_to order.email, order.name %>
    </li>
  <% end %>
</ul>

Add the html format to the controller

edit app/controllers/products_controller.rb
  def who_bought
    @product = Product.find(params[:id])
    respond_to do |format|
      format.html
      format.atom
      format.xml { render :xml => @product.to_xml(:include => :orders) }
    end
  end

See the (raw) HTML

curl --silent --user dave:secret http://localhost:3000/products/3/who_bought
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
  <title>Pragprog Books Online Store</title>
<!-- START:stylesheet -->
  <link href="/stylesheets/scaffold.css?1291769741" media="screen" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
  <link href="/stylesheets/depot.css?1291769964" media="all" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
<!-- END:stylesheet -->
  <script src="/javascripts/prototype.js?1291769734" type="text/javascript"></script>
<script src="/javascripts/effects.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
<script src="/javascripts/dragdrop.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
<script src="/javascripts/controls.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
<script src="/javascripts/rails.js?1291769734" type="text/javascript"></script>
<script src="/javascripts/application.js?1291769734" type="text/javascript"></script>
  <meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token"/>
<meta name="csrf-token" content="2+gfvMquIPMvlHtRVM+13kqNWDa7LTb5HvI+xEdyFWU="/>
</head>
<body id="store">
  <div id="banner">
    <img alt="Logo" src="/images/logo.png" />
    Pragmatic Bookshelf
  </div>
  <div id="columns">
    <div id="side">
      <!-- START_HIGHLIGHT -->
      <div id="cart">
 
      </div>
      <!-- END_HIGHLIGHT -->
 
      <a href="http://www....">Home</a><br />
      <a href="http://www..../faq">Questions</a><br />
      <a href="http://www..../news">News</a><br />
      <a href="http://www..../contact">Contact</a><br />
    </div>
    <div id="main">
      <h3>People Who Bought Rails Test Prescriptions</h3>
 
<ul>
    <li>
      <a href="mailto:customer@example.com">Dave Thomas</a>
    </li>
</ul>
 
    </div>
  </div>
</body>
</html>

Anything that XML can do, JSON can too...

edit app/controllers/products_controller.rb
  def who_bought
    @product = Product.find(params[:id])
    respond_to do |format|
      format.html
      format.atom
      format.xml { render :xml => @product.to_xml(:include => :orders) }
      format.json { render :json => @product.to_json(:include => :orders) }
    end
  end

Fetch the data in JSON format

curl --silent --user dave:secret http://localhost:3000/products/3/who_bought.json
{"product":{"price":"43.75","created_at":"2010-12-08T00:55:58Z","image_url":"/images/rtp.jpg","title":"Rails Test Prescriptions","updated_at":"2010-12-08T00:55:58Z","orders":[{"name":"Dave Thomas","address":"123 Main St","created_at":"2010-12-08T00:59:32Z","updated_at":"2010-12-08T00:59:32Z","pay_type":"Check","id":1,"email":"customer@example.com"}],"id":3,"description":"<p>\n        <em>Rails Test Prescriptions</em> is a comprehensive guide to testing\n        Rails applications, covering Test-Driven Development from both a\n        theoretical perspective (why to test) and from a practical perspective\n        (how to test effectively). It covers the core Rails testing tools and\n        procedures for Rails 2 and Rails 3, and introduces popular add-ons,\n        including Cucumber, Shoulda, Machinist, Mocha, and Rcov.\n      </p>"}}

Customize the xml

edit app/views/products/who_bought.xml.builder
xml.order_list(:for_product => @product.title) do
  for o in @product.orders
    xml.order do
      xml.name(o.name)
      xml.email(o.email)
    end
  end
end

Change the rendering to use templates

edit app/controllers/products_controller.rb
  def who_bought
    @product = Product.find(params[:id])
    respond_to do |format|
      format.html
      format.atom
      format.xml
      format.json { render :json => @product.to_json(:include => :orders) }
    end
  end

Fetch the (much streamlined) XML

curl --silent --user dave:secret http://localhost:3000/products/3/who_bought.xml
<order_list for_product="Rails Test Prescriptions">
  <order>
    <name>Dave Thomas</name>
    <email>customer@example.com</email>
  </order>
</order_list>

Consider reducing the number of edits to products_controller

12.3 Iteration G3: Pagination

Add in the will_paginate gem

edit Gemfile
# source 'http://rubygems.org'
 
gem 'rails', :path => "/home/rubys/git/rails" # '3.1.0.beta'
gem "rack", :path => "/home/rubys/git/rack"
gem "arel", :path => "/home/rubys/git/arel"
 
# Bundle edge Rails instead:
# gem 'rails', :git => 'git://github.com/rails/rails.git'
# gem 'arel',  :git => 'git://github.com/rails/arel.git'
# gem "rack", :git => "git://github.com/rack/rack.git"
 
gem 'sqlite3-ruby', :require => 'sqlite3'
# Use unicorn as the web server
# gem 'unicorn'
 
# Deploy with Capistrano
# gem 'capistrano'
 
# To use debugger (ruby-debug for Ruby 1.8.7+, ruby-debug19 for Ruby 1.9.2+)
# gem 'ruby-debug'
# gem 'ruby-debug19'
 
# Bundle the extra gems:
# gem 'bj'
# gem 'nokogiri'
# gem 'sqlite3-ruby', :require => 'sqlite3'
# gem 'aws-s3', :require => 'aws/s3'
 
gem 'will_paginate', '>= 3.0.pre'
 
# Bundle gems for the local environment. Make sure to
# put test-only gems in this group so their generators
# and rake tasks are available in development mode:
# group :development, :test do
#   gem 'webrat'
# end

Restart the server.

bundle show
Gems included by the bundle:
  * abstract (1.0.0)
  * actionmailer (3.1.0.beta)
  * actionpack (3.1.0.beta)
  * activemodel (3.1.0.beta)
  * activerecord (3.1.0.beta)
  * activeresource (3.1.0.beta)
  * activesupport (3.1.0.beta)
  * arel (2.0.7.beta.20101201093009 89194f5)
  * builder (3.0.0)
  * bundler (1.0.7)
  * erubis (2.6.6)
  * i18n (0.5.0)
  * mail (2.2.12)
  * mime-types (1.16)
  * polyglot (0.3.1)
  * rack (1.2.1 85ca454)
  * rack-cache (0.5.3)
  * rack-mount (0.6.13)
  * rack-test (0.5.6)
  * rails (3.1.0.beta 7c92063)
  * railties (3.1.0.beta)
  * rake (0.8.7)
  * sqlite3-ruby (1.3.2)
  * thor (0.14.6)
  * treetop (1.4.9)
  * tzinfo (0.3.23)
  * will_paginate (3.0.pre2)

Load in a few orders

edit script/load_orders.rb
Order.transaction do
  (1..100).each do |i|
    Order.create(:name => "Customer #{i}", :address => "#{i} Main Street",
      :email => "customer-#{i}@example.com", :pay_type => "Check")
  end
end
rails runner script/load_orders.rb

Modify the controller to do pagination

edit app/controllers/orders_controller.rb
  def index
    @orders = Order.paginate :page=>params[:page], :order=>'created_at desc',
      :per_page => 10
 
    respond_to do |format|
      format.html # index.html.erb
      format.xml  { render :xml => @orders }
    end
  end

Add some navigational aids

edit app/views/orders/index.html.erb
<h1>Listing orders</h1>
 
<table>
  <tr>
    <th>Name</th>
    <th>Address</th>
    <th>Email</th>
    <th>Pay type</th>
    <th></th>
    <th></th>
    <th></th>
  </tr>
 
<% @orders.each do |order| %>
  <tr>
    <td><%= order.name %></td>
    <td><%= order.address %></td>
    <td><%= order.email %></td>
    <td><%= order.pay_type %></td>
    <td><%= link_to 'Show', order %></td>
    <td><%= link_to 'Edit', edit_order_path(order) %></td>
    <td><%= link_to 'Destroy', order, :confirm => 'Are you sure?',
              :method => :delete %></td>
  </tr>
<% end %>
</table>
 
<br />
 
<%= link_to 'New Order', new_order_path %>
<p><%= will_paginate @orders %></p>

Show the orders

get /orders

Listing orders

Name Address Email Pay type
Customer 100 100 Main Street customer-100@example.com Check Show Edit Destroy
Customer 99 99 Main Street customer-99@example.com Check Show Edit Destroy
Customer 98 98 Main Street customer-98@example.com Check Show Edit Destroy
Customer 97 97 Main Street customer-97@example.com Check Show Edit Destroy
Customer 96 96 Main Street customer-96@example.com Check Show Edit Destroy
Customer 95 95 Main Street customer-95@example.com Check Show Edit Destroy
Customer 94 94 Main Street customer-94@example.com Check Show Edit Destroy
Customer 93 93 Main Street customer-93@example.com Check Show Edit Destroy
Customer 92 92 Main Street customer-92@example.com Check Show Edit Destroy
Customer 91 91 Main Street customer-91@example.com Check Show Edit Destroy

New Order

12.4 Playtime

 
rake test
(in /home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot)
Loaded suite /home/rubys/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p302/gems/rake-0.8.7/lib/rake/rake_test_loader
Started
.........
Finished in 0.273091 seconds.
 
9 tests, 30 assertions, 0 failures, 0 errors
Loaded suite /home/rubys/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p302/gems/rake-0.8.7/lib/rake/rake_test_loader
Started
.......F......F...F.F.........
Finished in 1.27435 seconds.
 
  1) Failure:
test_should_create_line_item(LineItemsControllerTest) [/test/functional/line_items_controller_test.rb:28]:
Expected response to be a redirect to <http://test.host/carts/980190963> but was a redirect to <http://test.host/>.
 
  2) Failure:
test_should_create_order(OrdersControllerTest) [/test/functional/orders_controller_test.rb:20]:
"Order.count" didn't change by 1.
<3> expected but was
<2>.
 
  3) Failure:
test_should_get_new(OrdersControllerTest) [/test/functional/orders_controller_test.rb:16]:
Expected response to be a <:success>, but was <302>
 
  4) Failure:
test_should_update_order(OrdersControllerTest) [/test/functional/orders_controller_test.rb:39]:
Expected response to be a <:redirect>, but was <200>
 
30 tests, 47 assertions, 4 failures, 0 errors
Errors running test:functionals!
edit test/functional/orders_controller_test.rb
  test "requires item in cart" do
    get :new
    assert_redirected_to store_path
    assert_equal flash[:notice], 'Your cart is empty'
  end
 
  test "should get new" do
    cart = Cart.create
    session[:cart_id] = cart.id
    LineItem.create(:cart => cart, :product => products(:ruby))
 
    get :new
    assert_response :success
  end
edit test/functional/orders_controller_test.rb
require 'test_helper'
 
class OrdersControllerTest < ActionController::TestCase
  # ...
  test "should create order" do
    assert_difference('Order.count') do
      post :create, :order => @order.attributes
    end
 
    assert_redirected_to store_path
  end
  # ...
end

Update the test data in the fixture

edit test/fixtures/orders.yml
# Read about fixtures at http://ar.rubyonrails.org/classes/Fixtures.html
 
one:
  name: Dave Thomas
  address: MyText
  email: dave@example.org
  pay_type: Check
 
two:
  name: MyString
  address: MyText
  email: MyString
  pay_type: MyString

move a line item from a cart to an order

edit test/fixtures/line_items.yml
# Read about fixtures at http://ar.rubyonrails.org/classes/Fixtures.html
 
one:
  product: ruby
  order: one
 
two:
  product: ruby
  cart: one
rake test
(in /home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot)
Loaded suite /home/rubys/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p302/gems/rake-0.8.7/lib/rake/rake_test_loader
Started
.........
Finished in 0.265535 seconds.
 
9 tests, 30 assertions, 0 failures, 0 errors
Loaded suite /home/rubys/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p302/gems/rake-0.8.7/lib/rake/rake_test_loader
Started
.......F.......................
Finished in 1.259488 seconds.
 
  1) Failure:
test_should_create_line_item(LineItemsControllerTest) [/test/functional/line_items_controller_test.rb:28]:
Expected response to be a redirect to <http://test.host/carts/980190963> but was a redirect to <http://test.host/>.
 
31 tests, 50 assertions, 1 failures, 0 errors
Errors running test:functionals!
git commit -a -m "Orders"
fatal: Not a git repository (or any of the parent directories): .git
git tag iteration-h
fatal: Not a git repository (or any of the parent directories): .git

12.7 Iteration J2: Email Notifications

 
rails generate mailer Notifier order_received order_shipped
      create  app/mailers/notifier.rb
      invoke  erb
      create    app/views/notifier
      create    app/views/notifier/order_received.text.erb
      create    app/views/notifier/order_shipped.text.erb
      invoke  test_unit
      create    test/functional/notifier_test.rb
edit app/mailers/notifier.rb
class Notifier < ActionMailer::Base
  default :from => 'Sam Ruby <depot@example.com>'
 
  # Subject can be set in your I18n file at config/locales/en.yml
  # with the following lookup:
  #
  #   en.notifier.order_received.subject
  #
  def order_received
    @greeting = "Hi"
 
    mail :to => "to@example.org"
  end
 
  # Subject can be set in your I18n file at config/locales/en.yml
  # with the following lookup:
  #
  #   en.notifier.order_shipped.subject
  #
  def order_shipped
    @greeting = "Hi"
 
    mail :to => "to@example.org"
  end
end
pub depot_p
cannot delete non-empty directory: app/views/users
cannot delete non-empty directory: app/views/sessions
cannot delete non-empty directory: app/views/admin
cannot delete non-empty directory: test/fixtures/notifier
edit app/mailers/notifier.rb
class Notifier < ActionMailer::Base
  default :from => 'Sam Ruby <depot@example.com>'
 
  # Subject can be set in your I18n file at config/locales/en.yml
  # with the following lookup:
  #
  #   en.notifier.order_received.subject
  #
  def order_received(order)
    @order = order
 
    mail :to => order.email, :subject => 'Pragmatic Store Order Confirmation'
  end
 
  # Subject can be set in your I18n file at config/locales/en.yml
  # with the following lookup:
  #
  #   en.notifier.order_shipped.subject
  #
  def order_shipped(order)
    @order = order
 
    mail :to => order.email, :subject => 'Pragmatic Store Order Shipped'
  end
end

Tailor the confirm receipt email

edit app/views/notifier/order_received.text.erb
Dear <%= @order.name %>
 
Thank you for your recent order from The Pragmatic Store.
 
You ordered the following items:
 
<%= render @order.line_items %>
 
We'll send you a separate e-mail when your order ships.

Text partial for the line items

edit app/views/line_items/_line_item.text.erb
<%= sprintf("%2d x %s",
            line_item.quantity,
            truncate(line_item.product.title, :length => 50)) %>

HTML partial for the line items

edit app/views/line_items/_line_item.html.erb
<tr>
  <td><%= line_item.quantity %>&times;</td>
  <td><%= line_item.product.title %></td>
  <td class="item_price"><%= number_to_currency(line_item.total_price) %></td>
</tr>

Tailor the confirm shipped email

edit app/views/notifier/order_shipped.html.erb
<h3>Pragmatic Order Shipped</h3>
<p>
  This is just to let you know that we've shipped your recent order:
</p>
 
<table>
  <tr><th colspan="2">Qty</th><th>Description</th></tr>
<%= render @order.line_items %>
</table>

Update the test case

Not helpful: 'Hi, find me in app' 

edit test/functional/notifier_test.rb
require 'test_helper'
 
class NotifierTest < ActionMailer::TestCase
  test "order_received" do
    mail = Notifier.order_received(orders(:one))
    assert_equal "Pragmatic Store Order Confirmation", mail.subject
    assert_equal ["dave@example.org"], mail.to
    assert_equal ["depot@example.com"], mail.from
    assert_match /1 x Programming Ruby 1.9/, mail.body.encoded
  end
 
  test "order_shipped" do
    mail = Notifier.order_shipped(orders(:one))
    assert_equal "Pragmatic Store Order Shipped", mail.subject
    assert_equal ["dave@example.org"], mail.to
    assert_equal ["depot@example.com"], mail.from
    assert_match /<td>1&times;<\/td>\s*<td>Programming Ruby 1.9<\/td>/,
      mail.body.encoded
  end
 
end
rake db:test:load
(in /home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot)
ruby -I test test/functional/notifier_test.rb
Loaded suite test/functional/notifier_test
Started
..
Finished in 0.523348 seconds.
 
2 tests, 8 assertions, 0 failures, 0 errors

12.8 Iteration J3: Integration Tests

 
edit app/controllers/orders_controller.rb
  def create
    @order = Order.new(params[:order])
    @order.add_line_items_from_cart(current_cart)
 
    respond_to do |format|
      if @order.save
        Cart.destroy(session[:cart_id])
        session[:cart_id] = nil
        Notifier.order_received(@order).deliver
        format.html { redirect_to(store_url, :notice => 
          'Thank you for your order.') }
        format.xml  { render :xml => @order, :status => :created,
          :location => @order }
      else
        format.html { render :action => "new" }
        format.xml  { render :xml => @order.errors,
          :status => :unprocessable_entity }
      end
    end
  end
rails generate integration_test user_stories
      invoke  test_unit
      create    test/integration/user_stories_test.rb
edit test/integration/user_stories_test.rb
require 'test_helper'
 
class UserStoriesTest < ActionController::IntegrationTest
  fixtures :products
 
  # A user goes to the index page. They select a product, adding it to their
  # cart, and check out, filling in their details on the checkout form. When
  # they submit, an order is created containing their information, along with a
  # single line item corresponding to the product they added to their cart.
  
  test "buying a product" do
    LineItem.delete_all
    Order.delete_all
    ruby_book = products(:ruby)
 
    get "/"
    assert_response :success
    assert_template "index"
    
    xml_http_request :post, '/line_items', :product_id => ruby_book.id
    assert_response :success 
    
    cart = Cart.find(session[:cart_id])
    assert_equal 1, cart.line_items.size
    assert_equal ruby_book, cart.line_items[0].product
    
    get "/orders/new"
    assert_response :success
    assert_template "new"
    
    post_via_redirect "/orders",
                      :order => { :name     => "Dave Thomas",
                                 :address  => "123 The Street",
                                 :email    => "dave@example.com",
                                 :pay_type => "Check" }
    assert_response :success
    assert_template "index"
    cart = Cart.find(session[:cart_id])
    assert_equal 0, cart.line_items.size
    
    orders = Order.find(:all)
    assert_equal 1, orders.size
    order = orders[0]
    
    assert_equal "Dave Thomas",       order.name
    assert_equal "123 The Street",    order.address
    assert_equal "dave@example.com", order.email
    assert_equal "Check",             order.pay_type
    
    assert_equal 1, order.line_items.size
    line_item = order.line_items[0]
    assert_equal ruby_book, line_item.product
 
    mail = ActionMailer::Base.deliveries.last
    assert_equal ["dave@example.com"], mail.to
    assert_equal 'Sam Ruby <depot@example.com>', mail[:from].value
    assert_equal "Pragmatic Store Order Confirmation", mail.subject
  end
end
rake test:integration
(in /home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot)
Loaded suite /home/rubys/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p302/gems/rake-0.8.7/lib/rake/rake_test_loader
Started
.
Finished in 0.82761 seconds.
 
1 tests, 20 assertions, 0 failures, 0 errors
edit test/integration/dsl_user_stories_test.rb
require 'test_helper'
 
class DslUserStoriesTest < ActionController::IntegrationTest
  fixtures :products
 
 
  DAVES_DETAILS = {
      :name     => "Dave Thomas",
      :address  => "123 The Street",
      :email    => "dave@example.com",
      :pay_type => "Check"
  }
 
  MIKES_DETAILS = {
      :name     => "Mike Clark",
      :address  => "345 The Avenue",
      :email    => "mike@pragmaticstudio.com",
      :pay_type => "Credit card"
  }
  
  
    
  def setup
    LineItem.delete_all
    Order.delete_all
    @ruby_book = products(:ruby)
    @rails_book = products(:two)
  end 
  
  # A user goes to the store index page. They select a product,
  # adding it to their cart. They then check out, filling in
  # their details on the checkout form. When they submit,
  # an order is created in the database containing
  # their information, along with a single line item
  # corresponding to the product they added to their cart.
  
  def test_buying_a_product
    dave = regular_user
    dave.get "/"
    dave.is_viewing "index"
    dave.buys_a @ruby_book
    dave.has_a_cart_containing @ruby_book
    dave.checks_out DAVES_DETAILS
    dave.is_viewing "index"
    check_for_order DAVES_DETAILS, @ruby_book
  end
 
  def test_two_people_buying
    dave = regular_user
        mike = regular_user
    dave.buys_a @ruby_book
        mike.buys_a @rails_book
    dave.has_a_cart_containing @ruby_book
    dave.checks_out DAVES_DETAILS
        mike.has_a_cart_containing @rails_book
    check_for_order DAVES_DETAILS, @ruby_book
        mike.checks_out MIKES_DETAILS
        check_for_order MIKES_DETAILS, @rails_book
  end
  
  def regular_user
    open_session do |user|
      def user.is_viewing(page)
        assert_response :success
        assert_template page
      end
    
      def user.buys_a(product)
        xml_http_request :post, '/line_items', :product_id => product.id
        assert_response :success 
      end
    
      def user.has_a_cart_containing(*products)
        cart = Cart.find(session[:cart_id])
        assert_equal products.size, cart.line_items.size
        for item in cart.line_items
          assert products.include?(item.product)
        end
      end
    
      def user.checks_out(details)
        get "/orders/new"
        assert_response :success
        assert_template "new"
 
       post_via_redirect "/orders",
                          :order => { :name     => details[:name],
                                     :address  => details[:address],
                                     :email    => details[:email],
                                     :pay_type => details[:pay_type]
                                    }
        assert_response :success
        assert_template "index"
        cart = Cart.find(session[:cart_id])
        assert_equal 0, cart.line_items.size
      end
    end  
  end
  
  def check_for_order(details, *products)
    order = Order.find_by_name(details[:name])
    assert_not_nil order
    
    assert_equal details[:name],     order.name
    assert_equal details[:address],  order.address
    assert_equal details[:email],    order.email
    assert_equal details[:pay_type], order.pay_type
    
    assert_equal products.size, order.line_items.size
    for line_item in order.line_items
      assert products.include?(line_item.product)
    end
 
    mail = ActionMailer::Base.deliveries.last
    assert_equal order.email,           mail[:to].value
    for line_item in order.line_items
      assert_operator mail.body.to_s, :include?, line_item.product.title
    end
  end
end
rake test:integration
(in /home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot)
Loaded suite /home/rubys/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p302/gems/rake-0.8.7/lib/rake/rake_test_loader
Started
...
Finished in 1.55604 seconds.
 
3 tests, 75 assertions, 0 failures, 0 errors
git commit -a -m "Admin"
fatal: Not a git repository (or any of the parent directories): .git
git tag iteration-j
fatal: Not a git repository (or any of the parent directories): .git
pub depot_q
cannot delete non-empty directory: app/views/users
cannot delete non-empty directory: app/views/sessions
cannot delete non-empty directory: app/views/info
cannot delete non-empty directory: app/views/admin
cannot delete non-empty directory: test/fixtures/notifier

13.1 Iteration H1: Adding Users

 
rails generate scaffold User name:string hashed_password:string salt:string
      invoke  active_record
      create    db/migrate/20110211000009_create_users.rb
      create    app/models/user.rb
      invoke    test_unit
      create      test/unit/user_test.rb
      create      test/fixtures/users.yml
       route  resources :users
      invoke  scaffold_controller
      create    app/controllers/users_controller.rb
      invoke    erb
      create      app/views/users
      create      app/views/users/index.html.erb
      create      app/views/users/edit.html.erb
      create      app/views/users/show.html.erb
      create      app/views/users/new.html.erb
      create      app/views/users/_form.html.erb
      invoke    test_unit
      create      test/functional/users_controller_test.rb
      invoke    helper
      create      app/helpers/users_helper.rb
      invoke      test_unit
      create        test/unit/helpers/users_helper_test.rb
      invoke  stylesheets
   identical    public/stylesheets/scaffold.css
rake db:migrate
(in /home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot)
==  CreateUsers: migrating ====================================================
-- create_table(:users)
   -> 0.0058s
==  CreateUsers: migrated (0.0059s) ===========================================
 
edit app/models/user.rb
require 'digest/sha2'
 
class User < ActiveRecord::Base
  validates :name, :presence => true, :uniqueness => true
 
  validates :password, :confirmation => true
  attr_accessor :password_confirmation
  attr_reader   :password
 
  validate  :password_must_be_present
  
  def User.authenticate(name, password)
    if user = find_by_name(name)
      if user.hashed_password == encrypt_password(password, user.salt)
        user
      end
    end
  end
 
  def User.encrypt_password(password, salt)
    Digest::SHA2.hexdigest(password + "wibble" + salt)
  end
  
  # 'password' is a virtual attribute
  def password=(password)
    @password = password
 
    if password.present?
      generate_salt
      self.hashed_password = self.class.encrypt_password(password, salt)
    end
  end
  
  private
 
    def password_must_be_present
      errors.add(:password, "Missing password") unless hashed_password.present?
    end
  
    def generate_salt
      self.salt = self.object_id.to_s + rand.to_s
    end
end
edit app/controllers/users_controller.rb
  def create
    @user = User.new(params[:user])
 
    respond_to do |format|
      if @user.save
        format.html { redirect_to(users_url,
          :notice => "User #{@user.name} was successfully created.") }
        format.xml  { render :xml => @user,
          :status => :created, :location => @user }
      else
        format.html { render :action => "new" }
        format.xml  { render :xml => @user.errors,
          :status => :unprocessable_entity }
      end
    end
  end
edit app/controllers/users_controller.rb
  def update
    @user = User.find(params[:id])
 
    respond_to do |format|
      if @user.update_attributes(params[:user])
        format.html { redirect_to(users_url,
          :notice => "User #{@user.name} was successfully updated.") }
        format.xml  { head :ok }
      else
        format.html { render :action => "edit" }
        format.xml  { render :xml => @user.errors,
          :status => :unprocessable_entity }
      end
    end
  end
edit app/controllers/users_controller.rb
  def index
    @users = User.order(:name)
 
    respond_to do |format|
      format.html # index.html.erb
      format.xml  { render :xml => @users }
    end
  end
edit app/views/users/index.html.erb
<h1>Listing users</h1>
  <% if notice %>
    <p id="notice"><%= notice %></p>
  <% end %>
 
<table>
  <tr>
    <th>Name</th>
    <th></th>
    <th></th>
    <th></th>
  </tr>
 
<% @users.each do |user| %>
  <tr>
    <td><%= user.name %></td>
    <td><%= link_to 'Show', user %></td>
    <td><%= link_to 'Edit', edit_user_path(user) %></td>
    <td><%= link_to 'Destroy', user, :confirm => 'Are you sure?',
       :method => :delete %></td>
  </tr>
<% end %>
</table>
 
<br />
 
<%= link_to 'New User', new_user_path %>
edit app/views/users/_form.html.erb
<div class="depot_form">
 
<%= form_for @user do |f| %>
  <% if @user.errors.any? %>
    <div id="error_explanation">
      <h2><%= pluralize(@user.errors.count, "error") %>
        prohibited this user from being saved:</h2>
      <ul>
      <% @user.errors.full_messages.each do |msg| %>
        <li><%= msg %></li>
      <% end %>
      </ul>
    </div>
  <% end %>
 
  <fieldset>
  <legend>Enter User Details</legend>
 
  <div>
    <%= f.label :name %>:
    <%= f.text_field :name, :size => 40 %>
  </div>
 
  <div>
    <%= f.label :password, 'Password' %>:
    <%= f.password_field :password, :size => 40 %>
  </div>
 
  <div>
    <%= f.label :password_confirmation, 'Confirm' %>:
    <%= f.password_field :password_confirmation, :size => 40 %>
  </div>
 
  <div>
    <%= f.submit %>
  </div>
 
  </fieldset>
<% end %>
 
</div>
get /users

Listing users

Name

New User 
get /users/new

New user

Enter User Details
:
:
:
Back 
post /users
You are being redirected. 
get http://localhost:3000/users

Listing users

User dave was successfully created.

Name
dave Show Edit Destroy

New User 
sqlite3> select * from users
             id = 1
           name = dave
hashed_password = 9f0c63eb2ae83f9f215324f697527275ae786e847f997a5f2a92e0a70d990b1f
           salt = 700561465260000.766956613580316
     created_at = 2010-12-08 01:01:17.692611
     updated_at = 2010-12-08 01:01:17.692611

13.2 Iteration H2: Authenticating Users

 
rails generate controller sessions new create destroy
      create  app/controllers/sessions_controller.rb
       route  get "sessions/destroy"
       route  get "sessions/create"
       route  get "sessions/new"
      invoke  erb
      create    app/views/sessions
      create    app/views/sessions/new.html.erb
      create    app/views/sessions/create.html.erb
      create    app/views/sessions/destroy.html.erb
      invoke  test_unit
      create    test/functional/sessions_controller_test.rb
      invoke  helper
      create    app/helpers/sessions_helper.rb
      invoke    test_unit
      create      test/unit/helpers/sessions_helper_test.rb
rails generate controller admin index
      create  app/controllers/admin_controller.rb
       route  get "admin/index"
      invoke  erb
      create    app/views/admin
      create    app/views/admin/index.html.erb
      invoke  test_unit
      create    test/functional/admin_controller_test.rb
      invoke  helper
      create    app/helpers/admin_helper.rb
      invoke    test_unit
      create      test/unit/helpers/admin_helper_test.rb
edit app/controllers/sessions_controller.rb
class SessionsController < ApplicationController
  def new
  end
 
  def create
    if user = User.authenticate(params[:name], params[:password])
      session[:user_id] = user.id
      redirect_to admin_url
    else
      redirect_to login_url, :alert => "Invalid user/password combination"
    end
  end
 
  def destroy
    session[:user_id] = nil
    redirect_to store_url, :notice => "Logged out"
  end
 
end
edit app/views/sessions/new.html.erb
<div class="depot_form">
  <% if flash[:alert] %>
    <p id="notice"><%= flash[:alert] %></p>
  <% end %>
 
  <%= form_tag do %>
    <fieldset>
      <legend>Please Log In</legend>
 
      <div>
        <label for="name">Name:</label>
        <%= text_field_tag :name, params[:name] %>
      </div>
 
      <div>
        <label for="password">Password:</label>
        <%= password_field_tag :password, params[:password] %>
      </div>
  
      <div>
        <%= submit_tag "Login" %>
      </div>
    </fieldset>
  <% end %>
</div>
edit app/views/admin/index.html.erb
<h1>Welcome</h1>
 
It's <%= Time.now %>
We have <%= pluralize(@total_orders, "order") %>.
edit app/controllers/admin_controller.rb
class AdminController < ApplicationController
  def index
    @total_orders = Order.count
  end
 
end

15.3 Task I3: Translating Checkout

Ticket 1 : corrupt database

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post /orders
You are being redirected. 
get http://localhost:3000/

ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid in StoreController#index 

SQLite3::CorruptException: database disk image is malformed: INSERT INTO "carts" ("created_at", "updated_at") VALUES ('2010-12-08 01:01:34.321736', '2010-12-08 01:01:34.321736')

Rails.root: /home/rubys/svn/rails4/Book/util/work/depot

Application Trace | Framework Trace | Full Trace 
app/controllers/application_controller.rb:10:in `current_cart'
app/controllers/store_controller.rb:6:in `index'

Request

Parameters: 

None

Show session dump

Show env dump