Agile Web Development with Rails, Edition 4 
      12.2 Iteration G2: Atom Feeds 
      11.5 Iteration F5: Making Images Clickable 
    
    
      12.1 Iteration H1: Capturing an Order 
     
    Create a model to contain orders
    rails generate scaffold Order name address:text email pay_type:integer       invoke  active_record 
          create    db/migrate/20170602134155_create_orders.rb 
          create    app/models/order.rb 
          invoke    test_unit 
          create      test/models/order_test.rb 
          create      test/fixtures/orders.yml 
          invoke  resource_route 
           route    resources :orders 
          invoke  scaffold_controller 
          create    app/controllers/orders_controller.rb 
          invoke    erb 
          create      app/views/orders 
          create      app/views/orders/index.html.erb 
          create      app/views/orders/edit.html.erb 
          create      app/views/orders/show.html.erb 
          create      app/views/orders/new.html.erb 
          create      app/views/orders/_form.html.erb 
          invoke    test_unit 
          create      test/controllers/orders_controller_test.rb 
          invoke    helper 
          create      app/helpers/orders_helper.rb 
          invoke      test_unit 
          invoke    jbuilder 
          create      app/views/orders/index.json.jbuilder 
          create      app/views/orders/show.json.jbuilder 
          create      app/views/orders/_order.json.jbuilder 
          invoke  assets 
          invoke    coffee 
          create      app/assets/javascripts/orders.coffee 
          invoke    scss 
          create      app/assets/stylesheets/orders.scss 
          invoke  scss 
       identical    app/assets/stylesheets/scaffolds.scss 
    Create a migration to add an order_id column to line_items
    rails generate migration add_order_id_to_line_item order_id:integer       invoke  active_record 
          create    db/migrate/20170602134156_add_order_id_to_line_item.rb 
    Apply both migrations
    rake db:migrate mv 20170602134155_create_orders.rb 20170602000007_create_orders.rb 
    mv 20170602134156_add_order_id_to_line_item.rb 20170602000008_add_order_id_to_line_item.rb 
    == 20170602000007 CreateOrders: migrating ===================================== 
    -- create_table(:orders) 
       -> 0.0008s 
    == 20170602000007 CreateOrders: migrated (0.0008s) ============================ 
      
    == 20170602000008 AddOrderIdToLineItem: migrating ============================= 
    -- add_column(:line_items, :order_id, :integer) 
       -> 0.0003s 
    == 20170602000008 AddOrderIdToLineItem: migrated (0.0004s) ==================== 
      
    Add a Checkout button to the cart
    edit app/views/carts/_cart.html.erb <h2>Your Cart</h2> 
    <table> 
      <%= render(cart.line_items) %> 
      
      <tr class="total_line"> 
        <td colspan="2">Total</td> 
        <td class="total_cell"><%= number_to_currency(cart.total_price) %></td> 
      </tr> 
      
    </table> 
      
    <%= button_to "Checkout", new_order_path, method: :get %> 
    <%= button_to 'Empty cart', cart, method: :delete, 
        data: { confirm: 'Are you sure?' } %> 
    Return a notice when checking out an empty cart
    edit app/controllers/orders_controller.rb class OrdersController < ApplicationController 
      include CurrentCart 
      before_action :set_cart, only: [:new, :create] 
      before_action :ensure_cart_isnt_empty, only: :new 
      before_action :set_order, only: [:show, :edit, :update, :destroy] 
      
      # GET /orders 
      #... 
      
      private 
         def ensure_cart_isnt_empty 
           if @cart.line_items.empty? 
             redirect_to store_index_url, notice: 'Your cart is empty' 
           end 
         end 
    end 
    Modify tests to ensure that there is an item in the cart
    edit test/controllers/orders_controller_test.rb   test "requires item in cart" do 
        get :new 
        assert_redirected_to store_index_path 
        assert_equal flash[:notice], 'Your cart is empty' 
      end 
      
      test "should get new" do 
        item = LineItem.new 
        item.build_cart 
        item.product = products(:ruby) 
        item.save! 
        session[:cart_id] = item.cart.id 
      
        get :new 
        assert_response :success 
      end 
    Modify the template for new orders
    edit app/views/orders/new.html.erb <div class="depot_form"> 
      <fieldset> 
        <legend>Please Enter Your Details</legend> 
        <%= render 'form', order: @order %> 
      </fieldset> 
    </div> 
    Add payment types to the order
    edit app/models/order.rb class Order < ActiveRecord::Base 
      enum pay_type: { 
        "Check"          => 0,  
        "Credit card"    => 1,  
        "Purchase order" => 2 
      } 
    end 
    Modify the partial used by the template
    edit app/views/orders/_form.html.erb <%= form_for(@order) do |f| %> 
      <% if @order.errors.any? %> 
        <div id="error_explanation"> 
          <h2><%= pluralize(@order.errors.count, "error") %> 
          prohibited this order from being saved:</h2> 
      
          <ul> 
          <% @order.errors.full_messages.each do |message| %> 
            <li><%= message %></li> 
          <% end %> 
          </ul> 
        </div> 
      <% end %> 
      
      <div class="field"> 
        <%= f.label :name %><br> 
        <%= f.text_field :name, size: 40 %> 
      </div> 
      <div class="field"> 
        <%= f.label :address %><br> 
        <%= f.text_area :address, rows: 3, cols: 40 %> 
      </div> 
      <div class="field"> 
        <%= f.label :email %><br> 
        <%= f.email_field :email, size: 40 %> 
      </div> 
      <div class="field"> 
        <%= f.label :pay_type %><br> 
        <%= f.select :pay_type, Order.pay_types.keys, 
                      prompt: 'Select a payment method' %> 
      </div> 
      <div class="actions"> 
        <%= f.submit 'Place Order' %> 
      </div> 
    <% end %> 
    Add some CSS
    edit app/assets/stylesheets/application.css.scss .depot_form { 
      fieldset { 
        background: #efe; 
      
        legend { 
          color: #dfd; 
          background: #141; 
          font-family: sans-serif; 
          padding: 0.2em 1em; 
        } 
      
        div { 
          margin-bottom: 0.3em; 
        } 
      } 
      
      form { 
        label { 
          width: 10em; 
          float: left; 
          text-align: right; 
          padding-top: 0.2em; 
          margin-right: 0.1em; 
          display: block; 
        } 
      
        select, textarea, input { 
          margin-left: 0.5em; 
        } 
      
        .actions { 
          margin-left: 10em; 
        } 
      
        br { 
          display: none; 
        } 
      } 
    } 
    Validate that required fields are present
    edit app/models/order.rb class Order < ActiveRecord::Base 
      # ... 
      validates :name, :address, :email, presence: true 
      validates :pay_type, inclusion: pay_types.keys 
    end 
    Update the test data in the orders fixture
    edit test/fixtures/orders.yml # Read about fixtures at 
    # http://api.rubyonrails.org/classes/ActiveRecord/FixtureSet.html 
      
    one: 
      name: Dave Thomas 
      address: MyText 
      email: dave@example.org 
      pay_type: Check 
      
    two: 
      name: MyString 
      address: MyText 
      email: MyString 
      pay_type: 1 
    Move a line item from a cart to an order
    edit test/fixtures/line_items.yml # Read about fixtures at 
    # http://api.rubyonrails.org/classes/ActiveRecord/FixtureSet.html 
      
    one: 
      product: two 
      cart: one 
      
    two: 
      product: ruby 
      order: one 
    Define an optional relationship from the line item to the order
    edit app/models/line_item.rb class LineItem < ActiveRecord::Base 
      belongs_to :order, required: false 
      belongs_to :product, required: false 
      belongs_to :cart 
      
      def total_price 
        product.price * quantity 
      end 
    end 
    Define a relationship from the order to the line item
    edit app/models/order.rb class Order < ActiveRecord::Base 
      has_many :line_items, dependent: :destroy 
      # ... 
    end 
    Add line item to order, destroy cart, and redisplay catalog page
    edit app/controllers/orders_controller.rb   def create 
        @order = Order.new(order_params) 
        @order.add_line_items_from_cart(@cart) 
      
        respond_to do |format| 
          if @order.save 
            Cart.destroy(session[:cart_id]) 
            session[:cart_id] = nil 
            format.html { redirect_to store_index_url, notice:  
              'Thank you for your order.' } 
            format.json { render :show, status: :created, 
              location: @order } 
          else 
            format.html { render :new } 
            format.json { render json: @order.errors, 
              status: :unprocessable_entity } 
          end 
        end 
      end 
    Implement add_line_items_from_cart
    edit app/models/order.rb class Order < ActiveRecord::Base 
      # ... 
      def add_line_items_from_cart(cart) 
        cart.line_items.each do |item| 
          item.cart_id = nil 
          line_items << item 
        end 
      end 
    end 
    Modify the test to reflect the new redirect
    edit test/controllers/orders_controller_test.rb   test "should create order" do 
        assert_difference('Order.count') do 
          post :create, order: { address: @order.address, 
            email: @order.email, name: @order.name, 
            pay_type: @order.pay_type } 
        end 
      
        assert_redirected_to store_index_path 
      end 
    take a look at the validation errors
    get /orders/new 
      
        
          
            Your Cart 
  
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    post /orders 
    process an order
    get /orders/new 
    post /orders 
      order[name] => Dave Thomas 
      order[address] => 123 Main St 
      order[email] => customer@example.com 
      order[pay_type] => Check 
     
    
You are being 
redirected .    
    get http://localhost:3000/store/index 
      
      
        Thank you for your order.
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    look at the underlying database
    sqlite3> select * from orders         id = 1 
          name = Dave Thomas 
       address = 123 Main St 
         email = customer@example.com 
      pay_type = 0 
    created_at = 2017-06-02 13:41:58.059461 
    updated_at = 2017-06-02 13:41:58.059461 
    sqlite3> select * from line_items         id = 10 
    product_id = 2 
       cart_id =  
    created_at = 2017-06-02 13:41:49.643085 
    updated_at = 2017-06-02 13:41:58.061101 
      quantity = 1 
         price = 45 
      order_id = 1 
    hide the notice when adding items to the cart
    edit app/views/line_items/create.js.erb $('#notice').hide(); 
      
    if ($('#cart tr').length == 1) { $('#cart').show('blind', 1000); } 
      
    $('#cart').html("<%=j render(@cart) %>"); 
      
    $('#current_item').css({'background-color':'#88ff88'}). 
      animate({'background-color':'#114411'}, 1000); 
    
      12.2 Iteration G2: Atom Feeds 
      11.5 Iteration F5: Making Images Clickable